14 research outputs found
Lateral forces on circularly polarizable particles near a surface
Optical forces allow manipulation of small particles and control of nanophotonic structures
with light beams. While some techniques rely on structured light to move particles using field intensity gradients, acting locally, other optical forces can push particles on a wide area of
illumination but only in the direction of light propagation. Here we show that spin orbit
coupling, when the spin of the incident circularly polarized light is converted into lateral
electromagnetic momentum, leads to a lateral optical force acting on particles placed above a substrate, associated with a recoil mechanical force. This counterintuitive force acts in a direction in which the illumination has neither a field gradient nor propagation. The force direction is switchable with the polarization of uniform, plane wave illumination, and its magnitude is comparable to other optical forces.This work has been supported, in part, by EPSRC (UK). A.V.Z. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation. N.E. acknowledges partial support from the US Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant No. N00014-10-1-0942. A.M. acknowledges support from the Spanish Government (contract Nos TEC2011-28664-C02-02 and TEC2014-51902-C2-1-R).RodrÃguez Fortuño, FJ.; Engheta, N.; MartÃnez Abietar, AJ.; Zayats, AV. (2015). Lateral forces on circularly polarizable particles near a surface. 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Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy
Deflection of light by gravity was predicted by General Relativity and
observationaly confirmed in 1919. In the following decades various aspects of
the gravitational lens effect were explored theoretically, among them the
possibility of multiple or ring-like images of background sources, the use of
lensing as a gravitational telescope on very faint and distant objects, and the
possibility to determine Hubble's constant with lensing. Only relatively
recently gravitational lensing became an observational science after the
discovery of the first doubly imaged quasar in 1979. Today lensing is a booming
part of astrophysics.
In addition to multiply-imaged quasars, a number of other aspects of lensing
have been discovered since, e.g. giant luminous arcs, quasar microlensing,
Einstein rings, galactic microlensing events, arclets, or weak gravitational
lensing. By now literally hundreds of individual gravitational lens phenomena
are known.
Although still in its childhood, lensing has established itself as a very
useful astrophysical tool with some remarkable successes. It has contributed
significant new results in areas as different as the cosmological distance
scale, the large scale matter distribution in the universe, mass and mass
distribution of galaxy clusters, physics of quasars, dark matter in galaxy
halos, or galaxy structure.Comment: Review article for "Living Reviews in Relativity", see
http://www.livingreviews.org . 41 pages, latex, 22 figures (partly in GIF
format due to size constraints). High quality postscript files can be
obtained electronically at http://www.aip.de:8080/~jkw/review_figures.htm
Photonic Spin Hall Effect in Waveguides Composed of Two Types of Single-Negative Metamaterials
Quantum state-controlled directional spontaneous emission of photons into a nanophotonic waveguide
Flexible coherent control of plasmonic spin-Hall effect
The surface plasmon polariton is an emerging candidate for miniaturizing optoelectronic circuits. Recent demonstrations of polarization-dependent splitting using metasurfaces, including focal-spot shifting and unidirectional propagation, allow us to exploit the spin degree of freedom in plasmonics. However, further progress has been hampered by the inability to generate more complicated and independent surface plasmon profiles for two incident spins, which work coherently together for more flexible and tunable functionalities. Here by matching the geometric phases of the nano-slots on silver to specific super-impositions of the inward and outward surface plasmon profiles for the two spins, arbitrary spin-dependent orbitals can be generated in a slot-free region. Furthermore, motion pictures with a series of picture frames can be assembled and played by varying the linear polarization angle of incident light. This spin-enabled control of orbitals is potentially useful for tip-free near-field scanning microscopy, holographic data storage, tunable plasmonic tweezers, and integrated optical components