EFI: Taller I y II en Antropología Social Ciclo lectivo 2010

El curso de Taller I en Antropología Social tiene objetivos eminentemente prácticos, basados en el eje central de la materia: la producción de un proyecto de investigación, con vistas a la elaboración de una etnografía en el Taller II de Antropología Social y Cultural. El objetivo de este EFI es integrar un componente deextensión en los proyectos que los estudiantes realizan

Influence of FTO rs9939609 and Mediterranean diet on body composition and weight loss: a randomized clinical trial

Background The Mediterranean diet (MeD) plays a key role in the prevention of obesity. Among the genes involved in obesity, the Fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is one of the most known, but its interaction with MeD remained uncertain so far. Methods We carried out a study on a sample of 188 Italian subjects, analyzing their FTO rs9939609 alleles, and the difference in body composition between the baseline and a 4-weeks nutritional intervention. The sample was divided into two groups: the control group of 49 subjects, and the MeD group of 139 subjects. Results We found significant relations between MeD and both variation of total body fat (ΔTBFat) (p = 0.00) and gynoid body fat (p = 0.04). ∆TBFat (kg) demonstrated to have a significant relation with the interaction diet-gene (p = 0.04), whereas FTO was associated with the variation of total body water (p = 0.02). Conclusions MeD demonstrated to be a good nutritional treatment to reduce the body fat mass, whereas data about FTO remain uncertain. Confirming or rejecting the hypothesis of FTO and its influence on body tissues during nutritional treatments is fundamental to decide whether its effect has to be taken into consideration during both development of dietetic plans and patients monitoring. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT01890070. Registered 01 July 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0189007

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

CSF1R inhibitor JNJ-40346527 attenuates microglial proliferation and neurodegeneration in P301S mice

Neuroinflammation and microglial activation are significant processes in Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Recent genome-wide association studies have highlighted multiple immune-related genes in association with Alzheimer’s disease, and experimental data have demonstrated microglial proliferation as a significant component of the neuropathology. In this study, we tested the efficacy of the selective CSF1R inhibitor JNJ-40346527 (JNJ-527) in the P301S mouse tauopathy model. We first demonstrated the anti-proliferative effects of JNJ-527 on microglia in the ME7 prion model, and its impact on the inflammatory profile, and provided potential CNS biomarkers for clinical investigation with the compound, including pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics and efficacy assessment by TSPO autoradiography and CSF proteomics. Then, we showed for the first time that blockade of microglial proliferation and modification of microglial phenotype leads to an attenuation of tau-induced neurodegeneration and results in functional improvement in P301S mice. Overall, this work strongly supports the potential for inhibition of CSF1R as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other tau-mediated neurodegenerative diseases

Sobre la Antropología en el Uruguay

Resumo Este trabalho procura estudar a produção de diversos intelectuais, desde o final do século passado até a atualidade, que abordaram temas da realidade nacional uruguaia dando particular ênfase aos trabalhos considerados dentro do campo da Antropologia Cultural e Social

Sobre la Antropología en el Uruguay

Abstract This article focuses on the work of a series of Uruguayan intellectuals who, since the last century on, have studied the country’s reality, with particular emphasis on the research most relevant to the field of Cultural and Social Anthropology

Multi-lane urban mmWave V2V networks: A path loss behaviour dependent coverage analysis

Vehicular cooperative autonomy characteristics such as adaptive platooning and collision avoidance are enabled only through the capability to reliably exchange, at multi-Gbps speeds, an ever growing quantity of data that are being generated by light detection and ranging (LIDAR), HD video, radar, and other sensors. Due to its high bandwidth availability, the mmWave communication channel is expected to act as the required, underpinning technological enabler. In this paper, a tractable analytical model for an in-lane routing scheme that approximates the coverage, rate coverage and an adaptation of area spectral efficiency of mmWave urban Vehicle-to-Vehicle networks is proposed. The analytical model is proposed for three different path loss behaviour scenarios, namely, Line-of-Sight, Non-Line-of-Sight, and Obstructed-Line-of-Sight. Each scenario is based upon corresponding, previously reported, experimental mmWave measurements and path loss models. It is shown that Non-Line-of-Sight behaviour provides the best performance in coverage, but the lowest reliability. Moreover, the careful choice of link distances, i.e. forcing communication to be limited to the nearest vehicle, removes the sensitivity of the system to interferences from increased vehicle density, which is an important result to be considered in dense urban networks. Additionally, it is found that narrowing the beamwidth significantly improves the performance, which is the result of eliminated interferences, rather than a corresponding increase in antenna gain. The results of this research will impact both communications systems infrastructure designers and vehicle manufacturers looking to balance system performance in the investigated scenarios