Polymer-polymer Miscibility In Peo/cationic Starch And Peo/hydrophobic Starch Blends

The main purposes were evaluating the influence of different starches on the miscibility with Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and their effects on the spherulite growth rate. Polymer-polymer miscibility in PEO/cationic starch and PEO/hydrophobic starch blends consisting of different w/w ratios (100/0, 95/05, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 65/35 and 60/40) was investigated. This analysis was based on the depression in the equilibrium melting temperature (T m 0). By treating the data of thermal analysis (Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC) with Nishi-Wang equation, a positive value (0.68) was found for the interaction parameter of PEO/cationic starch. For PEO/hydrophobic starch blends, a negative value (-0.63) was obtained for the interaction parameter. The results suggested that PEO/cationic starch system should be immiscible. However, the system PEO/hydrophobic starch was considered to be miscible in the whole range of studied compositions. 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Morphology Of Temperature-sensitive And Ph-responsive Ipn-hydrogels For Application As Biomaterial For Cell Growth [morfologia De Hidrogéis-ipn Termo-sensíveis E Ph-responsivos Para Aplica ção Como Biomaterial Na Cultura De Células]

In the present investigation, hydrogels with pH-responsive and temperature-sensitive properties were obtained by formation of alginate-Ca network inside the PNIPAAm network resulting in an interpenetrated network system (IPN). From scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and water uptake (WU) tests one observed that IPN hydrogels exhibited a drastic shrinking when heated above 30-35°C. The shrinking resulted in decreased average pore size, thus affect the hydrogel morphology significantly. In the pH range studied, IPN hydrogels showed significant pH dependence, which was attributed to the charged alginate groups. The results indicated that the pH-responsiveness and temperature-dependence of alginate and PNIPAAm, respectively, were preserved in IPN hydrogels. In addition, such hydrogels become less deformable when subjected to compressive stress. These hydrogels presented porous morphology that may be tuned by controlling the temperature, and this makes them attractive for applications as biomaterial in cell growth.192105110Wang, X., Spencer, G., (1998) Polymer, 39, p. 2759Meeuse, B.J.D., (1962) Composition of Cell and Metabolic Products, , University of Washington, WashingtonDraget, K.I., Skjåk-Braek, G., Smidsrød, O., (1997) Inter. J. Biol. Macromol., 21, p. 47Halder, A., Maiti, S., Sa, B., (2005) Inter. J. Pharm., 302, p. 84Shapiro, L., Cohen, S., (1997) Biomaterials, 18, p. 583Li, S., Wang, X.T., Zhang, X.B., Yang, R.J., Zhang, H.Z., Zhu, L.Z., Hou, X.P., (2002) J. Control. Release, 84, p. 87Hurteaux, R., Edwards-Lévy, F., Laurent-Maquin, D., Lévy, M.C., (2005) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 24, p. 187Chretien, C., Chaumeil, J.C., (2005) Inter. J. Pharm., 304, p. 18Liu, L., Sheardown, H., (2005) Biomaterials, 26, p. 233Cho, J.H., Kim, S.H., Park, K.D., Jung, M.C., Yang, W.I., Han, S.W., Noh, J.Y., Lee, J.W.J.W., (2004) Biomaterials, 25, p. 5743Kavanagh, C.A., Rochev, Y.A., Gallagher, W.M., Dawson, K.A., Keenan, A.K., (2004) Pharmacol & Therapeutics, 102, p. 1Guilherme, M.R., Reis, A.V., Rubira, A.F., Muniz, E.C., (2005), www.inpi.gov.br, PI 0503651-8, BrazilGuilherme, M.R., Campese, G.M., Radovanovic, E., Rubira, A.F., Tambourgi, E.B., Muniz, E.C., (2006) J. Membrane Sci., 275, p. 187Schild, H.G., (1992) Prog. Polym. Sci., 17, p. 163Takigawa, T., Yamawaki, T., Takahashia, K., Masuda, T., (1997) Polym. Gels Networks, 5, p. 585Athawale, V.D., Raut, S.S., (2002) Eur. Polym. J., 38, p. 2033Jin, S.P., Liu, M.Z., Chen, S.L., Bian, F.L., Chen, Y., Wang, B., Zhan, F.L., Liu, S.X., (2007) Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 23, p. 438Teli, S.B., Gokavi, G.S., Aminabhavi, T.M., (2007) Separ. Purif. Tech., 56, p. 150Shin, Y., Kim, K.S., Kim, B., (2008) Polymer-Korea, 32, p. 421Biswal, D., Hilt, J.Z., (2006) Polymer, 47, p. 7355Miyata, T., Asami, N., Uragami, T., (1999) Nature, 399, p. 766Omichi, H., (1995) Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 105, p. 302Moura, M.R., Rubira, A.F., Muniz, E.C., (2008) Polím. Ciěncia Tecnol, 18, p. 132Ouwerx, C., Velings, N., Mestdagh, M.M., Axelos, M.A.V., (1998) Polym. Gels Netw, 6, p. 293Lee, K.Y., Rowley, J.A., Eiselt, P., Moy, E.M., Bouhadir, K.H., Mooney, D.J., (2000) Macromolecules, 33, p. 4291Paulino, A.T., Campese, G.M., Fávaro, S.L., Guilherme, M.R., Tambourgi, E.B., Muniz, E.C., (2007) E Polymer, 122, p. 1Moura, M.R., Guilherme, M.R., Campese, G.M., Radovanovic, E., Rubira, A.F., Muniz, E.C., (2005) Eur. Polym. J., 41, p. 284

Toxic Effects Of Dietary Of Al3+ Ions In Tilapias (oreochromis Niloticus) And Protective Effect Of Zn2+

The lethal effects of aluminum ion (Al3+) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in concrete tanks were investigated. Tilapias were fed daily with commercial feed enriched with known concentrations of Al3+ and analyzed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The concentrations of Al3+ in feces, water, muscle tissue, viscera, and heads were determined every 3 months for a period of 365 days. The Tilapia head was the most affected tissue by Al3+. In general, Al3{thorn} bioaccumulation reached the lethal dose (LD50) after 335 days of experiment as follows: 34.9mg kg -1 (muscle tissue), 88.2mg kg-1 (viscera), and 126.9mg kg-1 (head without gills). After determining Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ by absorption spectrometry, a decrease in the Ca2+ concentration was noted in the head during the experimental period. These observations were associated with the occurrence of a decalcification in the bone tissue in the presence of Al3+. 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Square Wave Voltammetry In The Determination Of Ni2+ And Al 3+ In Biological Samples

In this contribution, the amounts of Ni (nickel) and Al (aluminum) in tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were determined using square wave voltammetry (SWV) with glassy carbon working microelectrode with a mercury thin film, platinum counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Ni was studied through the formation of the dimethylglyoxime-Ni (Ni-DMG) complex, while Al was studied through the formation of the Alizarin R-Al complex. The detection limit found for Ni-DMG and Alizarin R-Al complexes were 1.70 × 10-7 and 1.0 × 10-8 mol L-1, respectively. The voltammetric anodic curves for the Alizarin R-Al complex were recorded over the potential range from -0.8 to -0.05 V while the voltammetric cathodic curve for the Ni-DMG complex was recorded over the potential range from -0.7 to -1.2 V. These methods detected low concentrations of Ni and Al in biological samples efficiently. 2008 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.241114431447Paulino, A.T., Tessari, J.A.A., Nogami, E.M., Lenzi, E., Nozaki, J., (2005) Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol, 75, p. 42Merian, E., Anke, M., Ihnat, M., Stoeppler, M., (2004) Metals and Their Compounds in the Environment: Occurrence, Analysis and Biological Relevance, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkPane, E.F., Richards, J.G., Wood, C.M., (2003) Aquat. Toxicol, 63, p. 65González, P., Cortínez, V.A., Fontán, C.A., (2002) Talanta, 58, p. 679(2005) Resumen de Salud Pública, , www.atsdr.cdc.gov/es/phs/es_phs15.pdf, Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, Níquel. CAS, 7440-02-0, AugustBuchet, J.P., Lison, D., Ruggeri, M., Foa, V., Elia, G., Maugeri, S., (1996) Arch. Toxicol, 70, p. 773Gauthier, E., Fortier, I., Courchesne, F., Pepin, P., Mortimer, J., Gauvreau, D., (2000) Environ. Res, 84, p. 234Yousef, M.I., (2004) Toxicology, 199, p. 47Exley, C., (1996) J. Fish Biol, 48, p. 706Paulino, A.T., Santos, L.B., Nozaki, J., (2007) Toxicol. Environ. Chem, 87, p. 363Shaw, M.J., Haddad, P.R., (2004) Environ. Int, 30, p. 403Ohlweiler, A.O., Separation Methods. Analytical Chemistry Quantitative, , Livros Técnicos e Ciêntificos, Rio de JaneiroDel Pozo, J.A., Garcia, A.C., Blanco, A., (1993) Anal. Chim. Acta, 273, p. 101Downard, A.J., Powell, H.K.J., Xu, S., (1991) Anal. Chim. Acta, 251, p. 157Opydo, J., (1997) Talanta, 44, p. 1081Di, J., Bi, S., Yang, T., Zhang, M., (2004) Sens. Actuators, 99, p. 468Othman, A.F., (2003) Microchem. J, 75, p. 119Morfobos, M., Economou, A., Voulgaropoulos, A., (2004) Anal. Chim. Acta, 519, p. 57Korolczuk, M., Tyszczyk, K., Grabarxzyk, M., (2005) Electrochem. Commun, 7, p. 1185Morais, S., Pereira, M.C., (2000) J. Trace. Elem. Med. Biol, 14, p. 48Julshamn, K., Andersen, K., Willassen, Y., Braekkan, O.R., (1978) Anal. Biochem, 88, p. 552Qiong, L., Lirong, W., Danli, X., Guanghan, L., (2006) Food Chem, 97, p. 176Arancibia, V., Muñoz, C., (2007) Talanta, 73, p. 546Simionato, J.I., Paulino, A.T., Garcia, J.C., Nozaki, J., (2006) Polym. Int, 55, p. 1243Paulino, A.T., Minasse, F.A.S., Guilherme, M.R., Reis, A.V., Muniz, E.C., Nozaki, J., (2006) J. Colloid Interface Sci, 301, p. 479Paulino, A.T., Guilherme, M.R., Reis, A.V., Tambourgi, E.B., Nozaki, J., Muniz, E.C., (2007) J. Hazard. Mater, 147, p. 139Paulino, A.T., Santos, L.B., Nozaki, J., (2008) React. Funct. Polym, 68, p. 63