Control, Disidencia y Cárcel Política en el Porfiriato

El presente artículo tiene el propósito de examinar la lógica y las funciones de una de las instituciones paradigmáticas de control social y disciplinario de las sociedades contemporáneas: la cárcel. Esta institución se analiza desde una perspectiva histórica, es decir, se sitúa en el periodo conocido como el porfiriato, el cual marca una etapa definitoria como mecanismo de contención de la disidencia política. Asimismo, examina el sentido y la naturaleza del delito político. Esboza algunos aspectos de la vida cotidiana carcelaria desde la posición y el significado que le confiere el preso político

Control social e instituciones de reclusión. el caso de la penitenciaría de Jalisco en el porfiriato

En este texto se describe y examina una de las instituciones de control social, la penitenciaría de Jalisco. Es una contribución al estudio de los regímenes penitenciarios en el siglo XIX, especialmente en el último tercio, en México. El estudio de esos sistemas se sitúa en el marco del pensamiento criminológico y del pensamiento penitenciario, así como de las prácticas institucionales, lo cual permite dilucidar los dispositivos de control que se diseñaron para ejercer la vigilancia, la observación, el castigo y la corrección a diversos sectores como parte de la formación del estado y la sociedad moderna

Secularización, educación y rituales escolares en el siglo XIX

El propósito del presente artículo es describir algunos aspectos sobre el proceso de secularización en México durante el siglo XIX. El trabajo presenta una mirada sobre la redefinición de los espacios privado y público. Analiza el papel desempeñado por la educación en la formación de hábitos, valores, ideas, comportamientos y prácticas sociales, en especial la importancia de los rituales escolares en dicho proceso

Imágenes y fines de la educación en el Estado de México, en el siglo xix

Durante el siglo XIX, en el Estado de México, como en otras entidades, las concepciones sobre educación y los fines que ésta perseguía fueron objeto de una reflexión permanente, que buscó adecuar tanto los fines como los medios para atender a los diversos sectores que componían a la sociedad. De esta manera, la idea de la educación pretendía cubrir aspectos que iban desde la ilustración como lucha contra la ignorancia, la socialización y la moralización, hasta el control social y la integración étnica para lograr la armonía social y la formación de la nación. En este artículo se presenta un conjunto de materiales históricos que contribuyen a entender la génesis del sistema educativo en el Estado de México en el siglo pasado. Representa una aproximación inicial a varias concepciones sobre la educación que elaboraron diversos actores, en varios momentos históricos, tratando de establecer las similitudes y diferencias de tales concepciones

Joint Direction-of-Arrival and Time-of-Arrival Estimation with Ultra-wideband Elliptical Arrays

This paper presents a general technique for the joint Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) and Time-of-Arrival (ToA) estimation in multipath environments. The proposed ultra-wideband technique is based on phase-mode expansions and the use of nearly frequency-invariant elliptical arrays. New possibilities open with the present approach, as not only elliptical, but also circular and linear (highly flattened) arrays can be considered with the same implementation. Systematic selection/rejection of signals-of-interest/signals-not-of-interest in smart wireless environments is possible, unlike with previous approaches based on circular arrays. Concentric elliptical arrays of many sizes and eccentricities can be jointly considered, with the subsequent improvement that entails in DoA and ToA detection. This leads to the realization of pseudo-random array patterns; namely, quasi-arbitrary geometries created from the superposition of multiple elliptical arrays. Some simulation and experimental tests (measurements in an anechoic chamber) are carried out for several frequency bands to check the correct performance of the method. The method is proven to give accurate estimations in all tested scenarios, and to be robust against noise and position uncertainty in sensor placement.Comment: Published in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication

Joint Ultra-wideband Characterization of Azimuth, Elevation and Time of Arrival with Toric Arrays

In this paper, we present an analytical framework for the joint characterization of the 3D direction of arrival (DoA), i.e., azimuth and elevation components, and time of arrival (ToA) in multipath environments. The analytical framework is based on the use of nearly frequency-invariant beamformers (FIB) formed by toric arrays. The frequency response of the toric array is expanded as a series of phase modes, which leads to azimuth-time and elevation-time diagrams from which the 3D DoA and the ToA of the incoming waves can be extracted over a wide bandwidth. Firstly, we discuss some practical considerations, advantages and limitations of using the analytical method. Subsequently, we perform a parametric study to analyze the influence of the method parameters on the quality of the estimation. The method is tested in single-path and multipath mm-wave environments over a large bandwidth. The results show that the proposed method improves the quality of the estimation, i.e., decreases the level of the artifacts, compared to other state-of-art FIB approaches based on the use of single/concentric circular and elliptical arrays.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Long-term exposure to PM10 above WHO guidelines exacerbates COVID-19 severity and mortality

COVID-19; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 severityCOVID-19; Mortalidad por COVID-19; Gravedad del COVID-19COVID-19; Mortalitat per COVID-19; Gravetat de la COVID-19Background Age, sex, race and comorbidities are insufficient to explain why some individuals remain asymptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while others die. In this sense, the increased risk caused by the long-term exposure to air pollution is being investigated to understand the high heterogeneity of the COVID-19 infection course. Objectives We aimed to assess the underlying effect of long-term exposure to NO2 and PM10 on the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted with 2112 patients suffering COVID-19 infection. We built two sets of multivariate predictive models to assess the relationship between the long-term exposure to NO2 and PM10 and COVID-19 outcome. First, the probability of either death or severe COVID-19 outcome was predicted as a function of all the clinical variables together with the pollutants exposure by means of two regularized logistic regressions. Subsequently, two regularized linear regressions were constructed to predict the percentage of dead or severe patients. Finally, odds ratios and effects estimates were calculated. Results We found that the long-term exposure to PM10 is a more important variable than some already stated comorbidities (i.e.: COPD/Asthma, diabetes, obesity) in the prediction of COVID-19 severity and mortality. PM10 showed the highest effects estimates (1.65, 95% CI 1.32–2.06) on COVID-19 severity. For mortality, the highest effect estimates corresponded to age (3.59, 95% CI 2.94–4.40), followed by PM10 (2.37, 95% CI 1.71–3.32). Finally, an increase of 1 µg/m3 in PM10 concentration causes an increase of 3.06% (95% CI 1.11%-4.25%) of patients suffering COVID-19 as a severe disease and an increase of 2.68% (95% CI 0.53%-5.58%) of deaths. Discussion These results demonstrate that long-term PM10 burdens above WHO guidelines exacerbate COVID-19 health outcomes. Hence, WHO guidelines, the air quality standard established by the Directive 2008/50/EU, and that of the US-EPA should be updated accordingly to protect human health

‘Physio-EndEA’ Study: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of a Supervised and Adapted Therapeutic Exercise Program to Improve Quality of Life in Symptomatic Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis

This research was funded by the Health Institute Carlos III (FEDER funds), grant number PI17/01743, and donations from particular endometriosis women that believed in this project from the beginning. It was also partly supported by funds from the PAIDI group CTS-206 (Oncologia Basica y Clinica). This study takes place thanks to the additional funding from the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES).Aim: The ‘Physio-EndEA’ study aims to explore the potential benefits of a therapeutic exercise program (focused on lumbopelvic stabilization and tolerance to exertion) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of symptomatic endometriosis women. Design: The present study will use a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. Methods: A total of 22 symptomatic endometriosis women will be randomized 1:1 to the Physio-EndEA or usual care groups. The ‘Physio-EndEA’ program will consist of a one-week lumbopelvic stabilization learning phase followed by an eight-week phase of stretching, aerobic and resistance exercises focused on the lumbopelvic area that will be sequentially instructed and supervised by a trained physiotherapist (with volume and intensity progression) and adapted daily to the potential of each participant. The primary outcome measure is HRQoL. The secondary outcome measures included clinician-reported outcomes (pressure pain thresholds, muscle thickness and strength, flexibility, body balance and cardiorespiratory fitness) and patient-reported outcomes (pain intensity, physical fitness, chronic fatigue, sexual function, gastrointestinal function and sleep quality). Discussion: Findings of this study will help to identify cost-effective non-pharmacological options (such as this exercise-based intervention) that may contribute to the improvement of HRQoL in symptomatic endometriosis women.Health Institute Carlos III (FEDER funds) PI17/01743PAIDI groupUniversity of Granad