Causal Relationship between Obesity and Vitamin D Status: Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Multiple Cohorts

M.-L. Lokki työryhmän Genetic Invest Anthropometric Trai jäsen.Peer reviewe

New Blood Pressure-Associated Loci Identified in Meta-Analyses of 475,000 Individuals

Background - Genome-wide association studies have recently identified >400 loci that harbor DNA sequence variants that influence blood pressure (BP). Our earlier studies identified and validated 56 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with BP from meta-analyses of exome chip genotype data. An additional 100 variants yielded suggestive evidence of association. Methods and Results - Here, we augment the sample with 140 886 European individuals from the UK Biobank, in whom 77 of the 100 suggestive SNVs were available for association analysis with systolic BP or diastolic BP or pulse pressure. We performed 2 meta-analyses, one in individuals of European, South Asian, African, and Hispanic descent (pan-ancestry, ≈475 000), and the other in the subset of individuals of European descent (≈423 000). Twenty-one SNVs were genome-wide significant (P<5×10-8) for BP, of which 4 are new BP loci: rs9678851 (missense, SLC4A1AP), rs7437940 (AFAP1), rs13303 (missense, STAB1), and rs1055144 (7p15.2). In addition, we identified a potentially independent novel BP-associated SNV, rs3416322 (missense, SYNPO2L) at a known locus, uncorrelated with the previously reported SNVs. Two SNVs are associated with expression levels of nearby genes, and SNVs at 3 loci are associated with other traits. One SNV with a minor allele frequency <0.01, (rs3025380 at DBH) was genome-wide significant. Conclusions - We report 4 novel loci associated with BP regulation, and 1 independent variant at an established BP locus. This analysis highlights several candidate genes with variation that alter protein function or gene expression for potential follow-up

Tectonics, petrology and hydrothermal processes in areas of Alkaline Island-Arc volcanoes in the Southwest Pacific: the Tabar-Tihir-Tanga-Feni Island Chain, Papua New Guinea. SONNE-94 Final report

During cruise SO-94 of R/V SONNE, a group of three volcanic cones was discovered at water depths from 1.000-1.500 m on the southern flank of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea. The volcanoes are located in a narrow zone of recent seismic activity and elevated heat flow (up to 100 mW/m"2). The recovered rocks consist of resh alkali-olivine basalts, clinopyroxene-rich basalts, and porphyritic phlogopite basalts, and contain a suite of mafic to ultramafic xenoliths which appear to represent a unique cross-section of subduction-modified mantle material sampled by volatile-rich primary force-arc magma during its ascent to the seafloor. The crater of one of the volcanoes is host to a unique biological community which is supported by both H_2S and CH_4, and contains numerous new species previously unrecognized in the SW Pacific. Submarine gold mineralization was discovered in the crater of Conical Seamount (1.050 m) located only 25 km south of the Ladolam epithermal gold deposit on Lihir. Stockwork-like vein mineralization in trachybasalt consists of amorphous silica (#delta#"1"8O=36.8 permille equals T_f=19.5 C, n=5), pyrite, Fe-poor sphalerite (avg. 6.9 mole-% FeS, n=24), chalcopyrite, galena (avg. 0.26 wt.-% Ag, n=28), unidentified Pb-As sulfosalts, and traces of anglesite and cerrusite. Bulk samples contain 1.2-43.2 ppm Au (avg. 19.3 ppm, n=13), high concentrations of typical epithermal elements such as As (320-840 ppm), Sb (21-430 ppm), and Hg (1-34 ppm), and are associated with alunite as a distinctive acid-sulfat alteration phase. Similar to epithermal gold deposits on land, the samples from Conical Seamount have low base metal contents (Cu+Zn+Pb<3 wt.-%) and low concentrations of Fe (4.1-12.1 wt.-%). Grains of native gold (10 micron) were identified by SEM as inclusions in pyrite and sphalerite and contain about 12 wt.-% Ag. Alunite associated with gold mineralization typically occurs as platy crystals which is the characteristic habit of alunite formed from hydrothermal solutions with a large magmatic vapour component. In these cases, SO_2 released from a degassing magma disproportionates to sulfide and sulfate to form an acid-sulfate alteration assemblage typical of epithermal gold deposits (4SO_2+4H_2O#reversible#3H_2SO_4+H_2S). This is supported by sulfur isotope data of alunite (+7.5 and +6.4 permille #delta#"3"4S) and associated sulfides (avg.-5.3 permille #delta#"3"4S, n=5). The discovery of high cold contents associated with amorphous silica and alunite in hydrothermal precipitates at Conical Seamount may indicate the first example of a shallow-marine seafloor epithermal system analogous to similar gold-producing systems on land, which are known to have meteoric and magmatic fluid components and a style of mineralization which indicates boiling. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F97B1191+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Research cruise with R/V Sonne, Cruise report no. SO-166 CONDRILL, Aug. 22, 2002 (San Francisco) - Sept. 13 (Rabaul/PNG) - Oct. 03 (Rabaul) - Oct. 11, 2002 (Suva/Fiji). Detailed investigation of the magmatic-hydrothermal gold mineralization at conical seamount (New Ireland Basin) and of massive sulfides at PACMANUS (Eastern Manus Basin), Papua New Guinea by shallow drilling Cruise report

In cooperation with: British Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Canada; Geological Survey of PNG; Univ. of Tasmania (CODES); Korean Ocean Res. and Development Inst.; Nautilus Minerals Ltd.; Lihir Management Ltd.; Polyeides MedienkontorSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F03B1266 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Poseidon-Reise POS-253. Teilprojekt: Mineralogische, geochemische und isotopengeochemische Untersuchungen von Praezipitaten des flach-marinen Grimsey-Hydrothermalfeldes, Kolbeinsey-Ruecken (Island) Abschlussbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: F03B708 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Hydroarc. Vulkanismus, Hydrothermalprozesse und Faunengemeinschaften im Bereich flach-mariner Vulkanstrukturen des Bransfield Back-Arc, Antarktis Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F04B1445 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Geochemie, Mineralogie und Mikroanalytik sulfidischer Mineralisationen des suedlichen Lau Back-Arc (SW-Pazifik) Abschlussbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: FR 5417 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Liver alanine catabolism promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.

Both obesity and sarcopenia are frequently associated in ageing, and together may promote the progression of related conditions such as diabetes and frailty. However, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this association. Here we uncover dysregulated systemic alanine metabolism and hyper-expression of the alanine transaminases (ALT) in the liver of obese/diabetic mice and humans. Hepatocyte-selective silencing of both ALT enzymes revealed a clear role in systemic alanine clearance which related to glycemic control. In obese/diabetic mice, not only did silencing both ALT enzymes retard hyperglycemia, but also reversed skeletal muscle atrophy. This was due to a rescue of depressed skeletal muscle protein synthesis, with a liver-skeletal muscle amino acid metabolic crosstalk exemplified by ex vivo experiments. Mechanistically, chronic liver glucocorticoid and glucagon signaling driven liver alanine catabolism promoted hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle wasting. Taken together, here we reveal an endocrine-hepato-muscular metabolic cycle linking hyperglycemia and skeletal muscle atrophy in type 2 diabetes

Forschungsfahrt SO-133 EDISON II - Vulkanismus, Hydrothermalprozesse und Faunengemeinschaften im Bereich flachmariner Vulkanstrukturen des Neu Irland Fore-Arcs (Papua-Neuguinea) Abschlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F02B1094 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman