Numerical Study of Dual band (MW/LW) IR Detector for Performance Improvement

In the present study, an extensive numerical analysis has been performed and an effort has been made to understand the underlying physics, which is presently unclear for researchers for development of third generation FPA infrared detectors based on HgCdTe material. To reduce technology development cost associated with dualband photodetector for operation at MWIR and LWIR regions, a 2D theoretical model has been proposed including all the relevant physics. The structure under present study considers back-to-back diode structures to detect simultaneous MW/LW operative wavelength by changing the biasing polarity of the diodes. The optimum electrical and optical outputs from dualband detector have been achieved through performing design of experiments. The coupled basic semiconductor equations including nonlinear continuity, transport and Poisson’s equations have been solved to achieve electrical (I-V) characteristics under no bias condition and modern optics equations has been coupled to semiconductor equations to obtain optical characteristics. The quantum efficiency of both detectors has been computed and compared with experimental results. The computed results obtained on the basis of proposed model accurately matches with the experimental results reported by others researcher. The results exhibit the quantum efficiencies, QEMW=95 per cent and QELW=74.5 per cent, respectively

INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Globalization, privatization and scientific advancements pose new challenges and opportunities for the development of Indian agriculture. The emerging paradigm shifts focus to creation and application of new knowledge for agricultural development and global competitiveness. To facilitate this shift and realize greater economic efficiency, a new set of responsive institutions should emerge. This volume discusses the direction of institutional change in Indian agriculture. The roles of the state, markets and collective actions are examined for evolving the knowledge-intensive agriculture. The contributed papers from a number of leading researchers cover the institutions for R&D, land and water resources, credit, marketing, trade and agro-processing.Industrial Organization, International Development,

Experimental Performance Analysis of Six Cylinder Turbocharged Diesel-Cng Dual Fuel Engine

Dual fuel engine is internal combustion engine which works with two fuels simultaneously. Automobile sector is facing challenge of fossil fuel depletion & reducing harmful emissions to meet stringent environmental norms. Alternate fuels like CNG have capabilities of reducing exhaust emissions from automobiles.CNG has other advantages like lower cost as compared to gasoline & diesel, less noise due to high octane no & clean combustion properties. Diesel-CNG Dual fuel engines offer number of potential advantages like fuel flexibility, lower emissions, higher compression ratio and better efficiency. This paper is based on experimental work done on six cylinder turbocharged engine converted to dual fuel engine by using dual fuel kit from M/s Best Prins, Netherlands. Engine was tested on AVL PUMA engine testing system and emissions were measured on AVL emission measuring equipment. 13 mode ESC test was conducted in diesel mode & dual fuel mode. All points were optimized for engine performance & emissions. Optimized engine parameters & emissions were measured. It was observed that, it was possible to achieve engine performance near toBS III emission norms. Engine testing was carried out at ARAI, pune, India. Keywords: Dual fuel, Emission analysis, Performance CNG, Diese

Designing Secure and Survivable Stegosystems

Steganography, the art and science of carrying out hidden communication, is an emergingsub-discipline of information security. Unlike cryptography, steganography conceals the existenceof a secret message by embedding it in an innocuous container digital media, thereby enablingunobstrusive communication over insecure channels. Detection and extraction of steganographiccontents is another challenge for the information security professional and this activity iscommonly known as steganalysis. Recent progress in steganalysis has posed a challenge fordesign and development of stegosystems with high levels of security and survivability. In thispaper, different strategies have been presented that can be used to escape detection and foilan eavesdropper having high technical capabilities as well as adequate infrastructure. Based onthe strength and weaknesses of current steganographic schemes, ideas have been progressedto make detection and destruction of hidden information more difficult

Potentiality of Kolar Dam Water for Drinking Purposes

Kolar Dam, a major masonry dam, is located about 35 km away from Bhopal, near Lawakhari village in Sehore District. Constructed across the Kolar River, a tributary of Narmada on the right bank, the dam is about 45 m high. The maximum storage capacity is 270 Mcm. Kolar reservoir is the important sources of potable water supply for the Bhopal city. To assess its suitability for drinking purpose, the physico chemical and microbiological characteristics were studied on monthly basis.  In general almost all the parameters are within the range except coliform bacteria. Coliform bacteria were found beyond the norm prescribed for drinking water by various agencies. The analysis indicates that the water of Kolar reservoir is moderately soft with moderate alkalinity, transparent, low BOD, COD level as apparent by the study. The overall water quality of Kolar reservoir is not much affected by anthropogenic sources as it is surrounded by thick forest and less human activities are evident in this area. Therefore its water can only be used for drinking purposes but only after conventional treatment and disinfection. Keywords: Kolar Dam, Water quality, Physico chemical parameter, Drinking water

Nutrition, atherosclerosis, arterial imaging, cardiovascular risk stratification, and manifestations in COVID-19 framework: a narrative review.

Background: Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of the cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several risk factors lead to atherosclerosis, and altered nutrition is one among those. Nutrition has been ignored quite often in the process of CVD risk assessment. Altered nutrition along with carotid ultrasound imaging-driven atherosclerotic plaque features can help in understanding and banishing the problems associated with the late diagnosis of CVD. Artificial intelligence (AI) is another promisingly adopted technology for CVD risk assessment and management. Therefore, we hypothesize that the risk of atherosclerotic CVD can be accurately monitored using carotid ultrasound imaging, predicted using AI-based algorithms, and reduced with the help of proper nutrition. Layout: The review presents a pathophysiological link between nutrition and atherosclerosis by gaining a deep insight into the processes involved at each stage of plaque development. After targeting the causes and finding out results by low-cost, user-friendly, ultrasound-based arterial imaging, it is important to (i) stratify the risks and (ii) monitor them by measuring plaque burden and computing risk score as part of the preventive framework. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based strategies are used to provide efficient CVD risk assessments. Finally, the review presents the role of AI for CVD risk assessment during COVID-19. Conclusions: By studying the mechanism of low-density lipoprotein formation, saturated and trans fat, and other dietary components that lead to plaque formation, we demonstrate the use of CVD risk assessment due to nutrition and atherosclerosis disease formation during normal and COVID times. Further, nutrition if included, as a part of the associated risk factors can benefit from atherosclerotic disease progression and its management using AI-based CVD risk assessment

Achievements and prospects of genomics-assisted breeding in three legume crops of the semi-arid tropics

Advances in next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled generation of large-scale genomic resources such as molecular markers, transcript reads and BAC-end sequences (BESs) in chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut, three major legume crops of the semi-arid tropics. Comprehensive transcriptome assemblies and genome sequences have either been developed or underway in these crops. Based on these resources, dense genetic maps, QTL maps as well as physical maps for these legume species have also been developed. As a result, these crops have graduated from ‘orphan’ or ‘less-studied’ crops to ‘genomic resources rich’ crops. This article summarizes above mentioned advances in genomics and genomics-assisted breeding applications in the form of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for hybrid purity assessment in pigeonpea; marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) for introgressing QTL region for drought-tolerance related traits, Fusarium wilt (FW) resistance and Ascochyta blight (AB) resistance in chickpea; late leaf spot (LLS), leaf rust and nematode resistance in groundnut. We critically present the case of use of other modern breeding approaches like marker-assisted recurrent selection (MARS) and genomic selection (GS) to utilize the full potential of genomics-assisted breeding for developing superior cultivars with enhanced tolerance to various environmental stresses. In addition, this article recommends the use of advanced- backcross (AB-backcross) breeding and development of specialized populations such as multi-parents advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) for creating new variations that will help developing superior lines with broadened genetic base. In summary, we propose the use of integrated genomics and breeding approach in these legume crops to enhance crop productivity in marginal environments ensuring food security in developing countries