High resolution thermal infrared mapping of Martian channels

Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) high resolution (2 to 5 km) data were compiled and compared to Viking Visual Imaging Subsystem (VIS) data and available 1:5M geologic maps for several Martian channels including Dao, Harmakhis, Mangala, Shalbatana, and Simud Valles in an effort to determine the surface characteristics and the processes active during and after the formation of these channels. Results show a dominance of aeolian processes active in and around the channels. These processes have left materials thick enough to mask any genuine channel deposits. Results also indicate that very comparable Martian channels and their surrounding terrain are blanketed by deposits which are homogeneous in their thermal inertia values. However, optimum IRTM data does not cover the entire Martian surface and because local deposits of high thermal inertia material may not be large enough in areal extent or may be in an unfavorable location on the planet, a high resolution data track may not always occur over these deposits. Therefore, aeolian processes may be even more active than the IRTM data tracts can always show

Characterization of surficial units on Mars using Viking orbiter multispectral image and thermal data

Albedo and thermal property correlations of the topography of Mars were conducted with emphases upon the types and origins of materials exposed in the central equatorial region. This area displays a wide variation in color, albedo and thermal properties, and is relatively free of dust and haze. The physical, mineralogical and elemental characteristics of this area are discussed

Bright sand/dark dust: The identification of active sand surfaces on the Earth and Mars

Field studies and analysis of LANDSAT Thematic Mapper data in the Gran Desierto, Mexico may shed light on a technique to distinguish active from inactive (relict) sand surfaces. Active sand bodies in the study area are consistently brighter (by an average of 20%) at visual and near infrared wavelengths and darker at thermal infrared wavelengths than compositionally similar inactive sands. The reasons for the albedo difference between active and inactive sands are reviewed and the mixing model of Johnson et al. is examined for tracing the provenance of sands based on albedo and spectral variations. Portions of the wavelengths covered by the Mars Orbiter correspond to the Thematic Mapper data. The identification of active sands on Earth, with a priori knowledge of bulk composition and grain size distribution, may allow the remote mapping of active sand surfaces on Mars. In conjuction with thermal infrared remote sensing for composition, it may also provide a method for the remote determination of grain size distributions within sand/silt mixtures

The Farm Production-Consumption Balance

Farmers stepped up production greatly to meet the heavy needs of wartime. Food requirements will remain large for the next year and possibly for the next 2 years. But after that, will farm output continue at the present high level? And if it does, can the products be moved into consumption at profitable prices

A diffuse radar scattering model from Martian surface rocks

Remote sensing of Mars has been done with a variety of instrumentation at various wavelengths. Many of these data sets can be reconciled with a surface model of bonded fines (or duricrust) which varies widely across the surface and a surface rock distribution which varies less so. A surface rock distribution map from -60 to +60 deg latitude has been generated by Christensen. Our objective is to model the diffuse component of radar reflection based on this surface distribution of rocks. The diffuse, rather than specular, scattering is modeled because the diffuse component arises due to scattering from rocks with sizes on the order of the wavelength of the radar beam. Scattering for radio waves of 12.5 cm is then indicative of the meter scale and smaller structure of the surface. The specular term is indicative of large scale surface undulations and should not be causally related to other surface physical properties. A simplified model of diffuse scattering is described along with two rock distribution models. The results of applying the models to a planet of uniform fractional rock coverage with values ranging from 5 to 20% are discussed

Analysis of the Gran Desierto, Pinacte Region, Sonora, Mexico, via shuttle imaging radar

The radar discriminability of geolian features and their geological setting as imaged by the SIR-A experiment is examined. The Gran Desierto and Pincate volcanio field of Sonora, Mexico was used to analyze the radar characteristics of the interplay of aeolian features and volcano terrain. The area in the Gran Desierto covers 4000 sq. km. and contains sand dunes of several forms. The Pincate volcanio field covers more than 2.000 sq. km. and consists primarily of basaltic lavas. Margins of the field, especially on the western and northern sides, include several maar and maar-like craters; thus obtaining information on their radar characteristics for comparison with impact craters

Transitions in non-conserving models of Self-Organized Criticality

We investigate a random--neighbours version of the two dimensional non-conserving earthquake model of Olami, Feder and Christensen [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 68}, 1244 (1992)]. We show both analytically and numerically that criticality can be expected even in the presence of dissipation. As the critical level of conservation, $\alpha_c$, is approached, the cut--off of the avalanche size distribution scales as $\xi\sim(\alpha_c-\alpha)^{-3/2}$. The transition from non-SOC to SOC behaviour is controlled by the average branching ratio $\sigma$ of an avalanche, which can thus be regarded as an order parameter of the system. The relevance of the results are discussed in connection to the nearest-neighbours OFC model (in particular we analyse the relevance of synchronization in the latter).Comment: 8 pages in latex format; 5 figures available upon reques

Further Series Studies of the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnet at T=0: Magnon Dispersion and Structure Factors

We have extended our previous series studies of quantum antiferromagnets at zero temperature by computing the one-magnon dispersion curves and various structure factors for the linear chain, square and simple cubic lattices. Many of these results are new; others are a substantial extension of previous work. These results are directly comparable with neutron scattering experiments and we make such comparisons where possible.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, revised versio

Stellar Oscillations Network Group

Stellar Oscillations Network Group (SONG) is an initiative aimed at designing and building a network of 1m-class telescopes dedicated to asteroseismology and planet hunting. SONG will have 8 identical telescope nodes each equipped with a high-resolution spectrograph and an iodine cell for obtaining precision radial velocities and a CCD camera for guiding and imaging purposes. The main asteroseismology targets for the network are the brightest (V<6) stars. In order to improve performance and reduce maintenance costs the instrumentation will only have very few modes of operation. In this contribution we describe the motivations for establishing a network, the basic outline of SONG and the expected performance.Comment: Proc. Vienna Workshop on the Future of Asteroseismology, 20 - 22 September 2006. Comm. in Asteroseismology, Vol. 150, in the pres