3,419 research outputs found
Curvature estimates for submanifolds in warped products
We give estimates on the intrinsic and the extrinsic curvature of manifolds
that are isometrically immersed as cylindrically bounded submanifolds of warped
products. We also address extensions of the results in the case of submanifolds
of the total space of a Riemannian submersion.Comment: 21 page
A nonlinear vehicle-structure interaction methodology with wheel-rail detachment and reattachment
. A vehicle-structure interaction methodology with a nonlinear contact formulation
based on contact and target elements has been developed. To solve the dynamic equations of
motion, an incremental formulation has been used due to the nonlinear nature of the contact
mechanics, while a procedure based on the Lagrange multiplier method imposes the contact
constraint equations when contact occurs. The system of nonlinear equations is solved by an
efficient block factorization solver that reorders the system matrix and isolates the nonlinear
terms that belong to the contact elements or to other nonlinear elements that may be incorporated
in the model. Such procedure avoids multiple unnecessary factorizations of the linear
terms during each Newton iteration, making the formulation efficient and computationally
attractive. A numerical example has been carried out to validate the accuracy and efficiency
of the present methodology. The obtained results have shown a good agreement with the results
obtained with the commercial finite element software ANSY
Coping Mechanisms in Graduate School: A Discipline Comparison
The current study aimed to provide an overview of graduate studentsâ stress and coping mechanisms. Per self-reported questionnaires, participants (N=95) rated their experiences with academic-related stressors, common coping mechanisms, and strain outcomes (somatic symptoms, insomnia, and burnout). This study found that task-related stressors were the most prevalent for graduate schoolwork. More specifically, graduate students in STEM, Arts & Humanities, and Social Sciences rated the amount and difficulty of the tasks (quantitative and qualitative properties of tasks) as the highest stressors in graduate school. The preferred coping strategies across all fields were planning and emotional coping. Additionally, students in STEM reported more significant organizational constraints and interpersonal conflict than graduate students in Arts & Humanities, and Social Sciences. Finally, students in Arts & Humanities reported more maladaptive coping mechanisms than students in the other two groups. These findings can guide program directors and administrators in informing initiatives to enhance graduate studentsâ well-being
Doped AB_2 Hubbard Chain: Spiral, Nagaoka and RVB States, Phase Separation and Luttinger Liquid Behavior
We present an extensive numerical study of the Hubbard model on the doped
AB chain, both in the weak coupling and the infinite-U limit. Due to the
special unit cell topology, this system displays a rich variety of phases as
function of hole doping () away from half-filling. Near half-filling,
spiral states develop in the weak coupling regime, while Nagaoka itinerant
ferromagnetism is observed in the infinite-U limit. For higher doping the
system phase-separates before reaching a Mott insulating phase of short-range
RVB states at . Moreover, for we observe a crossover,
which anticipates the Luttinger liquid behavior for .Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure
Evidence for azimuthal variations of the oxygen abundance gradient tracing the spiral structure of the galaxy HCG91c
Context. The distribution of elements in galaxies forms an important
diagnostic tool to characterize the system's formation and evolution. This tool
is however complex to use in practice, as galaxies are subject to a range of
simultaneous physical processes active from pc to kpc scales. This renders
observations of the full optical extent of galaxies down to sub-kpc scales
essential. Aims. Using the WiFeS integral field spectrograph, we previously
detected abrupt and localized variations in the gas-phase oxygen abundance of
the spiral galaxy HCG91c. Here, we follow-up on these observations to map
HCG91c's disk out to ~2Re at a resolution of 600pc, and characterize the
non-radial variations of the gas-phase oxygen abundance in the system. Methods.
We obtained deep MUSE observations of the target under ~0.6 arcsec seeing
conditions. We perform both a spaxel-based and aperture-based analysis of the
data to map the spatial variations of 12+log(O/H) across the disk of the
galaxy. Results. We confirm the presence of rapid variations of the oxygen
abundance across the entire extent of the galaxy previously detected with
WiFeS, for all azimuths and radii. The variations can be separated in two
categories: a) localized and associated with individual HII regions, and b)
extended over kpc scales, and occurring at the boundaries of the spiral
structures in the galaxy. Conclusions. Our MUSE observations suggest that the
enrichment of the interstellar medium in HGC91c has proceeded preferentially
along spiral structures, and less efficiently across them. Our dataset
highlights the importance of distinguishing individual star-forming regions
down to scales of a few 100pc when using integral field spectrographs to
spatially resolve the distribution of oxygen abundances in a given system, and
accurately characterize azimuthal variations and intrinsic scatter.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Supplementary
movie assocociated with Fig. 8 is available (until publication) at:
http://www.sc.eso.org/~fvogt/supp_mat/HCG91c/O_gradient.mp
Ordering in the dilute weakly-anisotropic antiferromagnet Mn(0.35)Zn(0.65)F2
The highly diluted antiferromagnet Mn(0.35)Zn(0.65)F2 has been investigated
by neutron scattering in zero field. The Bragg peaks observed below the Neel
temperature TN (approximately 10.9 K) indicate stable antiferromagnetic
long-range ordering at low temperature. The critical behavior is governed by
random-exchange Ising model critical exponents (nu approximately 0.69 and gamma
approximately 1.31), as reported for Mn(x)Zn(1-x)F2 with higher x and for the
isostructural compound Fe(x)Zn(1-x)F2. However, in addition to the Bragg peaks,
unusual scattering behavior appears for |q|>0 below a glassy temperature Tg
approximately 7.0 K. The glassy region T<Tg corresponds to that of noticeable
frequency dependence in earlier zero-field ac susceptibility measurements on
this sample. These results indicate that long-range order coexists with
short-range nonequilibrium clusters in this highly diluted magnet.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Foliations and Chern-Heinz inequalities
We extend the Chern-Heinz inequalities about mean curvature and scalar
curvature of graphs of -functions to leaves of transversally oriented
codimension one -foliations of Riemannian manifolds. That extends
partially Salavessa's work on mean curvature of graphs and generalize results
of Barbosa-Kenmotsu-Oshikiri \cite{barbosa-kenmotsu-Oshikiri} and
Barbosa-Gomes-Silveira \cite{barbosa-gomes-silveira} about foliations of
3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds by constant mean curvature surfaces. These
Chern-Heinz inequalities for foliations can be applied to prove
Haymann-Makai-Osserman inequality (lower bounds of the fundamental tones of
bounded open subsets in terms of its inradius)
for embedded tubular neighborhoods of simple curves of .Comment: This paper is an improvment of an earlier paper titled On Chern-Heinz
Inequalities. 8 Pages, Late
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