Vinod Balakrishnan and Swathi Elizabeth Kurian, Somaesthetics and Yogasūtra : A Reading through Films

Non peer reviewe

Letter graphs and geometric grid classes of permutations: characterization and recognition

In this paper, we reveal an intriguing relationship between two seemingly unrelated notions: letter graphs and geometric grid classes of permutations. An important property common for both of them is well-quasi-orderability, implying, in a non-constructive way, a polynomial-time recognition of geometric grid classes of permutations and $k$-letter graphs for a fixed $k$. However, constructive algorithms are available only for $k=2$. In this paper, we present the first constructive polynomial-time algorithm for the recognition of $3$-letter graphs. It is based on a structural characterization of graphs in this class.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1108.6319 by other author

Patogeeni-isäntä-vuorovaikutukset ja niiden genomiikka bakteerien ja eläinten välillä

Tiivistelmä. Patogeenisia bakteereja on läsnä kaikkialla ja ne ovatkin vaikuttaneet huomattavasti eukaryoottien immuunipuolustuksen evoluutioon. Useat geenit ohjaavat patogeenien ja niiden isäntien antagonistisen vuorovaikutuksen mekanismeja solutasolla. Näiden osapuolien evolutiivinen kilpavarustelu taas voi saada aikaiseksi antagonistien populaatiodynamiikan muuttumisen sykliseksi. Tässä kirjallisuuskatsauksessa käyn läpi patogeenisten bakteerien ja niiden isäntinä toimivien eläimien vuorovaikutuksien mekanismeja, geenejä näiden mekanismien takana, sekä näiden vuorovaikutusten luomia syklisiä populaatiodynamiikkoja, pitäen pääpainon selkärankaisissa

Yhteisöllisyys, luontosuhde ja hyvinvointi yhteisöasumisessa:monimetoditutkimus Suomen ekoyhteisöistä

Tiivistelmä. Ekoyhteisöt ovat pienehköjä asuinyhteisöjä, jotka useimmiten perustuvat kestävyysarvojen pohjalle, korostaen ekologisuutta ja yhteisöllisyyttä. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaisena kuuden eri Suomen ekoyhteisön asukkaat kokevat hyvinvointinsa, luontosuhteensa ja yhteisöllisyytensä. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli tarkastella niitä tekijöitä ja prosesseja, joissa hyvinvointi, luontosuhde ja yhteisöllisyys ekoyhteisöelämässä mahdollisesti muuttuvat. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, voiko ekoyhteisö toimia hyvinvointia edistävänä asuinympäristönä luontosuhteen ja yhteisöllisyyden tukemisen kautta. Tulosten pohjalta tarkoituksena oli myös pohtia, millaisia tekijöitä tulisi huomioida luontosuhdetta ja yhteisöllisyyttä tukevaa asumista suunniteltaessa. Työ toteutettiin monimetoditutkimuksena, jossa hyödynnettiin lomakekyselyä, puolistrukturoituja haastatteluja ja havainnointia. Aineistona toimivat ekoyhteisöjen asukkaiden yksilö- ja ryhmähaastattelut sekä vastaukset lomakekyselyyn elämäntyytyväisyydestä (SWLS), yhteisöllisyydestä (SCI-2) ja luontosuhteesta (NR-21). Lomakekyselyn aineisto analysoitiin SPSS-tilastotyökalun avulla tunnuslukuja tarkastelemalla ja kahden muuttujan korrelaatioita testaamalla. Haastatteluaineisto analysoitiin laadullisella sisällönanalyysilla. Tutkittujen ekoyhteisöjen asukkaiden hyvinvointi ja elämäntyytyväisyys olivat keskimäärin korkeita ja luontosuhde ja koettu yhteisöllisyys hyvin korkeita. Ekoyhteisöjen asukkaiden kokema yhteisöllisyys sai erilaisia muotoja ja pohjautui erilaisille ominaisuuksille. Myös asukkaiden luontosuhteet olivat laadullisesti erilaisia. Ekoyhteisöelämä oli vaikuttanut positiivisesti useiden osallistuneiden hyvinvointiin luontosuhteen syventymisen, yhteisöllisyyden tai molempien yhteisvaikutuksen kautta. Tärkeimmät yhteisöllisyyteen vaikuttaneet tekijät olivat asukkaiden sosiaaliset taidot, kyvykkyys itsereflektioon sekä jaetut arvot ja visiot. Tärkeimmät luontosuhteeseen vaikuttaneet tekijät olivat luonnonläheinen maaseutuympäristö sekä vuorovaikutteinen suhde luonnon kanssa. Tutkimustulosten perusteella yhteisöllisen asumisen toimivuutta voidaan edistää arkkitehtonisilla ratkaisuilla, asukkaiden sosiaalisten taitojen tukemisella ja asuinyhteisön arvojen ja vision huolellisella tiedostamisella. Luontosuhdetta sen sijaan voidaan tukea lisäämällä monimuotoisten viheralueiden määrää ja luomalla mahdollisuuksia vuorovaikutteisten suhteiden luomiseen luonnon kanssa

Permafrost degradation at two monitored palsa mires in north-west Finland

Palsas and peat plateaus are expected to disappear from many regions, including Finnish Lapland. However, detailed long-term monitoring data of the degradation process on palsas are scarce. Here, we present the results of the aerial photography time series analysis (1959–2021), annual real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS and active layer monitoring (2007–2021), and annual unoccupied aerial system surveys (2016–2021) at two palsa sites (Peera and Laassaniemi, 68∘ N) located in north-west Finland. We analysed temporal trends of palsa degradation and their relation to climate using linear regression. At both sites, the decrease in palsa area by −77 % to −90 % since 1959 and height by −16 % to −49 % since 2007 indicate substantial permafrost degradation throughout the study periods. The area loss rates are mainly connected to winter air temperature changes at Peera and winter precipitation changes at Laassaniemi. The active layer thickness (ALT) has varied annually between 2007 and 2021 with no significant trend and is related mainly to the number of very warm days during summer, autumn rainfall of previous year, and snow depths at Peera. At Laassaniemi, the ALT is weakly related to climate and has been decreasing in the middle part of the palsa during the past 8 years despite the continuous decrease in palsa volume. Our findings imply that the ALT in the inner parts of palsas do not necessarily reflect the overall permafrost conditions and underline the importance of surface position monitoring alongside the active layer measurements. The results also showed a negative relationship between the ALT and snow cover onset, indicating the complexity of climate–permafrost feedbacks in palsa mires.</p

A Counterexample Regarding Labelled Well-Quasi-Ordering

Korpelainen, Lozin, and Razgon conjectured that a hereditary property of graphs which is well-quasi-ordered by the induced subgraph order and defined by only finitely many minimal forbidden induced subgraphs is labelled well-quasi-ordered, a notion stronger than that of n-well-quasi-order introduced by Pouzet in the 1970s. We present a counterexample to this conjecture. In fact, we exhibit a hereditary property of graphs which is well-quasi-ordered by the induced subgraph order and defined by finitely many minimal forbidden induced subgraphs yet is not 2-well-quasi-ordered. This counterexample is based on the widdershins spiral, which has received some study in the area of permutation patterns

Middleborns disadvantaged? testing birth-order effects on fitness in pre-industrial finns

Parental investment is a limited resource for which offspring compete in order to increase their own survival and reproductive success. However, parents might be selected to influence the outcome of sibling competition through differential investment. While evidence for this is widespread in egg-laying species, whether or not this may also be the case in viviparous species is more difficult to determine. We use pre-industrial Finns as our model system and an equal investment model as our null hypothesis, which predicts that (all else being equal) middleborns should be disadvantaged through competition. We found no overall evidence to suggest that middleborns in a family are disadvantaged in terms of their survival, age at first reproduction or lifetime reproductive success. However, when considering birth-order only among same-sexed siblings, first-, middle-and lastborn sons significantly differed in the number of offspring they were able to rear to adulthood, although there was no similar effect among females. Middleborn sons appeared to produce significantly less offspring than first-or lastborn sons, but they did not significantly differ from lastborn sons in the number of offspring reared to adulthood. Our results thus show that taking sex differences into account is important when modelling birth-order effects. We found clear evidence of firstborn sons being advantaged over other sons in the family, and over firstborn daughters. Therefore, our results suggest that parents invest differentially in their offspring in order to both preferentially favour particular offspring or reduce offspring inequalities arising from sibling competition

Experiences with workflows for automating data-intensive bioinformatics

High-throughput technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, have turned molecular biology into a data-intensive discipline, requiring bioinformaticians to use high-performance computing resources and carry out data management and analysis tasks on large scale. Workflow systems can be useful to simplify construction of analysis pipelines that automate tasks, support reproducibility and provide measures for fault-tolerance. However, workflow systems can incur significant development and administration overhead so bioinformatics pipelines are often still built without them. We present the experiences with workflows and workflow systems within the bioinformatics community participating in a series of hackathons and workshops of the EU COST action SeqAhead. The organizations are working on similar problems, but we have addressed them with different strategies and solutions. This fragmentation of efforts is inefficient and leads to redundant and incompatible solutions. Based on our experiences we define a set of recommendations for future systems to enable efficient yet simple bioinformatics workflow construction and execution.Pubblicat

The complex TIE between macrophages and angiogenesis

Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic immune cells, but they also play a role in diverse processes, such as morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the influence of macrophages on angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from the pre-existing vasculature. Macrophages play crucial roles at each step of the angiogenic cascade, starting from new blood vessel sprouting to the remodelling of the vascular plexus and vessel maturation. Macrophages form promising targets for both pro- and anti-angiogenic treatments. However, to target macrophages, we will first need to understand the mechanisms that control the functional plasticity of macrophages during each of the steps of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we review recent insights in this topic. Special attention will be given to the TIE2-expressing macrophage (TEM), which is a subtype of highly angiogenic macrophages that is able to influence angiogenesis via the angiopoietin-TIE pathway

Well-quasi-ordering versus clique-width : new results on bigenic classes.

Daligault, Rao and Thomassé conjectured that if a hereditary class of graphs is well-quasi-ordered by the induced subgraph relation then it has bounded clique-width. Lozin, Razgon and Zamaraev recently showed that this conjecture is not true for infinitely defined classes. For finitely defined classes the conjecture is still open. It is known to hold for classes of graphs defined by a single forbidden induced subgraph H, as such graphs are well-quasi-ordered and are of bounded clique-width if and only if H is an induced subgraph of P4P4. For bigenic classes of graphs i.e. ones defined by two forbidden induced subgraphs there are several open cases in both classifications. We reduce the number of open cases for well-quasi-orderability of such classes from 12 to 9. Our results agree with the conjecture and imply that there are only two remaining cases to verify for bigenic classes