39 research outputs found
Common variation near ROBO2 is associated with expressive vocabulary in infancy
Twin studies suggest that expressive vocabulary at ~24 months is modestly heritable. However, the genes influencing this early linguistic phenotype are unknown. Here we conduct a genome-wide screen and follow-up study of expressive vocabulary in toddlers of European descent from up to four studies of the EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology consortium, analysing an early (15â18 months, âone-word stageâ, NTotal=8,889) and a later (24â30 months, âtwo-word stageâ, NTotal=10,819) phase of language acquisition. For the early phase, one single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs7642482) at 3p12.3 near âROBO2, encoding a conserved axon-binding receptor, reaches the genome-wide significance level (P=1.3 Ă 10â8) in the combined sample. This association links language-related common genetic variation in the general population to a potential autism susceptibility locus and a linkage region for dyslexia, speech-sound disorder and reading. The contribution of common genetic influences is, although modest, supported by genome-wide complex trait analysis (meta-GCTA h215â18-months=0.13, meta-GCTA h224â30-months=0.14) and in concordance with additional twin analysis (5,733 pairs of European descent, h224-months=0.20)
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Produktion, Outsourcing, Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen, E01, L16, L23, L60, Outsourcing, Industrial organization, National accounts,