The s=1/2s=1/2 Antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model on Fullerene-Type Symmetry Clusters

The $s_{i}={1/2}$ nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model is considered for spins sitting on the vertices of clusters with the connectivity of fullerene molecules and a number of sites $n$ ranging from 24 to 32. Using the permutational and spin inversion symmetries of the Hamiltonian the low energy spectrum is calculated for all the irreducible representations of the symmetry group of each cluster. Frustration and connectivity result in non-trivial low energy properties, with the lowest excited states being singlets except for $n=28$. Same hexagon and same pentagon correlations are the most effective in the minimization of the energy, with the $n=32-D_{3h}$ symmetry cluster having an unusually strong singlet intra-pentagon correlation. The magnetization in a field shows no discontinuities unlike the icosahedral $I_h$ fullerene clusters, but only plateaux with the most pronounced for $n=28$. The spatial symmetry as well as the connectivity of the clusters appear to be important for the determination of their magnetic properties.Comment: Extended to include low energy spectra, correlation functions and magnetization data of clusters up to 32 site

An investigation of the quantum J1−J2−J3J_1-J_2-J_3 model on the honeycomb lattice

We have investigated the quantum $J_1-J_2-J_3$ model on the honeycomb lattice with exact diagonalizations and linear spin-wave calculations for selected values of $J_{2}/J_{1}$, $J_{3}/J_{1}$ and antiferromagnetic ($J_{1}>0$) or ferromagnetic ($J_{1}<0$) nearest neighbor interactions. We found a variety of quantum effects: "order by disorder" selection of a N{\'e}el ordered ground-state, good candidates for non-classical ground-states with dimer long range order or spin-liquid like. The purely antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model is confirmed to be N{\'e}el ordered. Comparing these results with those observed on the square and triangular lattices, we enumerate some conjectures on the nature of the quantum phases in the isotropic models.Comment: 14 pages, 22 Postscript figures, uses svjour.cls and svepj.clo, submitted to European Physical Journal B: condensed matter physi

Exact diagonalization Studies of Two-dimensional Frustrated Antiferromagnet Models

We describe the four kinds of behavior found in two-dimensional isotropic quantum antiferromagnets. Two of them display long range order at T=0: the N\'eel state and the Valence Bond Crystal. The last two are Spin-Liquids. Properties of these different states are shortly described and open questions are underlined.Comment: 7 pages; invited talk at "HFM 2000" (Waterloo, June 2000); submitted to Can. J. Phy

Some remarks on the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem and its extension to higher dimensions

The extension of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem to dimensions larger than one is discussed. It is explained why the variational wave-function built by the previous authors is of no help to prove the theorem in dimension larger than one. The short range R.V.B. picture of Sutherland, Rokhsar and Kivelson, Read and Chakraborty gives a strong support to the assertion that the theorem is indeed valid in any dimension. Some illustrations of the general ideas are displayed on exact spectra.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX with 4 EPS figures embedded in the documen

Quantum phase transition induced by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya in the kagome antiferromagnet

We argue that the S=1/2 kagome antiferromagnet undergoes a quantum phase transition when the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya coupling is increased. For $D<D_c$ the system is in a moment-free phase and for $D>D_c$ the system develops antiferromagnetic long-range order. The quantum critical point is found to be $D_c \simeq 0.1J$ using exact diagonalizations and finite-size scaling. This suggests that the kagome compound ZnCu$_3(OH)$_6$Cl$_3$ may be in a quantum critical region controlled by this fixed point.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; v2: add. data included, show that D=0.1J is at a quantum critical poin

Energy-level ordering and ground-state quantum numbers for frustrated two-leg spin-1/2 ladder model

The Lieb-Mattis theorem about antiferromagnetic ordering of energy levels on bipartite lattices is generalized to finite-size two-leg spin-1/2 ladder model frustrated by diagonal interactions. For reflection-symmetric model with site-dependent interactions we prove exactly that the lowest energies in sectors with fixed total spin and reflection quantum numbers are monotone increasing functions of total spin. The nondegeneracy of most levels is proved also. We also establish the uniqueness and obtain the spin value of the lowest-level multiplet in the whole sector formed by reflection-symmetric (antisymmetric) states. For a wide range of coupling constants, we prove that the ground state is a unique spin singlet. For other values of couplings, it may be also a unique spin triplet or may consist of both multiplets. Similar results have been obtained for the ladder with arbitrary boundary impurity spin. Some partial results have also been obtained in the case of periodical boundary conditions.Comment: 17 page

From the triangular to the kagome lattice: Following the footprints of the ordered state

We study the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model in a lattice that interpolates between the triangular and the kagome lattices. The exchange interaction along the bonds of the kagome lattice is J, and the one along the bonds connecting kagome and non-kagome sites is J', so that J'=J corresponds to the triangular limit and J'=0 to the kagome one. We use variational and exact diagonalization techniques. We analyze the behavior of the order parameter for the antiferromagnetic phase of the triangular lattice, the spin gap, and the structure of the spin excitations as functions of J'/J. Our results indicate that the antiferromagnetic order is not affected by the reduction of J' down to J'/J ~ 0.2. Below this value, antiferromagnetic correlations grow weaker, a description of the ground state in terms of a Neel phase renormalized by quantum fluctuations becomes inadequate, and the finite-size spectra develop features that are not compatible with antiferromagnetic ordering. However, this phase does not appear to be connected to the kagome phase as well, as the low-energy spectra do not evolve with continuity for J'-> 0 to the kagome limit. In particular, for any non-zero value of J', the latter interaction sets the energy scale for the low-lying spin excitations, and a gapless triplet spectrum, destabilizing the kagome phase, is expected.Comment: 9 pages, 10 Figures. To be published in PR