Neutralization of budded Autographa californica NPV by a monoclonal antibody: identification of the target antigen.

A neutralizing monoclonal antibody of the budded phenotype of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrons virus did not react with the occluded form of the virus as determined by neutralization, ELISA, and indirect immunoperoxidase staining. The antibody did react with the surface of infected cells in the prepolyhedra stage of cytopathic effect, the period of active virus budding. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated the antigen(s) reactive with the neutralizing antibody was present all around the viral envelope, but was more highly concentrated at the end with peplomers. Four proteins were immunoprecipitated from solubilized, radiolabeled budded virus preparations with the monoclonal antibody. The major protein had a molecular weight of approximately 64,000, while the other three were approximately 127,000, 59,000, and 49,000. All four proteins could be labeled with N-acetyl-d-[1-3H]glucosamine. This glycosylation reaction could be inhibited by tunicamycin

Bioactive proanthocyanidins from the root bark of Cassia abbreviata

Cassia abbreviata is an important medicinal plant used in the treatment of various infectious diseases. The ethnomedical efficacy of extracts of this plant species is attributed to its phytochemical constituents most of which are phenolics and anthraquinones. The aim of this study was to isolate and elucidate bioactive phenolic compounds from the root bark of this species. Consequently, two novel trimmeric proanthocyanidins; 3,7,4'-trihydroxyflavan-(4β→8)-3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-(3'→6)-3,5,7,2',4'- pentahydroxyflavan (cassinidin A) and 3,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-(4α→8)-3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavan-(4α→6)-3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavan (cassinidin B) were isolated from the root bark of Cassia abbreviata. The chemical structures were determined using NMR, MS and HRMS spectroscopic data. The cassinidin A and B showed higher to moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida mycoderma.Keywords: Medicinal plant, Cassia abbreviata, Caesalpinioideae, root bark, Cassinidin A, Cassinidin B, antimicrobia

Evolution of systemic therapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly occurs in hepatitis B endemic areas, especially in Asian countries. HCC is highly refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy. This resistance is partly related to its tumor biology, pharmacokinetic properties, and both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. There is no convincing evidence thus far that systemic chemotherapy improves overall survival in advanced HCC patients. Other systemic approaches, such as hormonal therapy and immunotherapy, have also disappointing results. Recently, encouraging results have been shown in using sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC patients. In this review, we concisely summarize the evolution of developments in the systemic therapy of advanced HCC. © 2008 The WJG Press. All rights reserved.published_or_final_versio

GEMCITABINE INDUCED DROP IN PLATELET COUNTS: A CASE REPORT

Chemotherapy with anticancer drugs is known to be beneficial, but like a double-edged sword it as its own demerits in form of adverse effects. Cancer chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia is troublesome and platin based regimens namely Carboplatin and Cisplatin is known to cause it very commonly. Gemcitabine, in combination with platinum compounds is known to cause severe thrombocytopenia. Hence, we report a case of thrombocytopenia induced by Gemcitabine when used as single agent in treatment of ovarian cancer.Â

On the dual representation of coherent risk measures

A classical result in risk measure theory states that every coherent risk measure has a dual representation as the supremum of certain expected value over a risk envelope. We study this topic in more detail. The related issues include: (1) Set operations of risk envelopes and how they change the risk measures, (2) The structure of risk envelopes of popular risk measures, (3) Aversity of risk measures and its impact to risk envelopes, and (4) A connection between risk measures in stochastic optimization and uncertainty sets in robust optimization

Pattern of anorectal malformations and early outcomes of management at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Eldoret-Kenya

Objectives: To describe the anatomical sub-types of Anorectal  malformations, their management and the early outcome at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) over a 16 month period.Design: A prospective study.Setting: MTRH, in the neonatal Unit and paediatric surgical wards for the initial capture of patients and initial follow up. The Paediatric Surgical out- patient clinic was used for the subsequent follow ups.Subjects: All infants diagnosed with ARM (Anorectal malformations) at MTRH from November 2011 to April 2013.Main outcome measures: Sub-types of the Anorectal malformations, coexisting abnormalities morbidity and mortality rates.Results: There were 42 participants including 24 (57%) males and 18 (43%) females. Neonates presented at an average age of 4±3, three days and older children presented on average age of 152±118, three days. There were 30 (71%) neonates and 12 (29%) older infants. In males, the predominant sub-type was imperforate anus without a fistula found in ten participants (42% of males). In females, the predominant sub-type wasrecto-vestibular fistula found in 14 participants (78% of females). Mortality occurred in 13 (31%) participants among them ten (24%) had coexisting abnormalities. The main causes of morbidity were: colostomy complications in four (9.5%); wound infections in one (5%); and wound dehiscence in one (5%).Conclusions: Patients with Anorectal malformations presented late at MTRH. The diagnosis at birth was missed in babies born at home as well as those delivered in health institutions

Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Double Tubulopathy Due to Dual Toxicity Caused by Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Carbon dioxide and water vapour characteristics on the west coast of Arabian Sea during Indian summer monsoon

Carbon dioxide, water vapour, air temperature and wind measurements at 10 Hz sampling rate were carried out over the coast of Arabian Sea, Goa (15°21'N, 73°51'E) in India. These observations were collected, in association with the surface layer turbulent parameters for the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX). In the summer monsoon period, concentration of CO 2 was in the range of 550-790 mg m -3 whereas the water vapour was in the range of 17.5-24.5 g m -3. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis has been performed on these observations to investigate the spectral behaviour of CO 2 and water vapour. The relation between CO 2 and water vapour on various atmospheric scales has been proposed. CO 2 and water vapour observations confirmed the existence of periodicities of large (11, 8 days), meso (5 days) and micrometeorological (20 min) scales

Personal and Network Dynamics in Performance of Knowledge Workers: A Study of Australian Breast Radiologists

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