33 research outputs found

    VariabilitĂ© spatiale de la rĂ©ponse au climat du ChĂȘne sessile dans la moitiĂ© nord de la France

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    International audienceSessile oak is among the major species in European temperate forests, both in terms of spatial distribution and economic value. In spite of this, research on sensitivity of sessile oak growth to climate is confined to a number of local studies (on the scale of a forest or region). Its scope does not enable the spatial variation of this sensitivity in connection with variability in regional climates to be assessed. In this article, we propose an analysis of climate response in sessile oak groves in the northern half of France. This area has a west-east climate gradient of continentality, ranging from an oceanic climate to a semi-continental one. A total of 120 stands were selected (720 trees) to build 31 radial growth chronologies. Climate response was investigated using characteristic years and bootstrapped correlation functions. Sessile oak growth is generally less sensitive to climate than other species, although extremes of growth are connected with water deficit (little growth in hot, dry years, high growth in cool, moist years). In contrast, climate sensitivity varies enormously along the continentality gradient. Growth depends even more on summer water deficit for trees growing in an oceanic climate; in this context, ring width is also positively dependent on rainfall in the autumn and winter preceding the vegetation season. Conversely, sensitivity to cold winter temperatures tends to increase in the semi-continental climate. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of sessile oak to climate change is regional.Le ChĂȘne sessile est une des principales essences des forĂȘts tempĂ©rĂ©es europĂ©ennes, aussi bien en termes de rĂ©partition spatiale qu'Ă©conomique. Pourtant, les travaux sur la sensibilitĂ© de sa croissance au climat se limitent Ă  des Ă©tudes locales (massif, rĂ©gion), ne permettant pas d'apprĂ©hender la variation spatiale de cette sensibilitĂ© en lien avec la variabilitĂ© des climats rĂ©gionaux. Nous proposons ici une analyse de la rĂ©ponse au climat des chĂȘnaies sessiliflores sur la moitiĂ© nord de la France, cette zone reprĂ©sentant un gradient climatique ouest-est de continentalitĂ©, depuis le climat ocĂ©anique jusqu'au climat semi-continental. Au total, 120 peuplements ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s (720 arbres) pour construire 31 chronologies de croissance radiale. La rĂ©ponse au climat a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e au travers des annĂ©es caractĂ©ristiques et des fonctions de corrĂ©lation bootstrapped. La croissance du ChĂȘne sessile est gĂ©nĂ©ralement moins sensible au climat que d'autres essences, mĂȘme si les croissances extrĂȘmes sont liĂ©es au dĂ©ficit hydrique estival (faible croissance les annĂ©es chaudes et sĂšches, forte croissance les annĂ©es fraĂźches et humides). En revanche, la sensibilitĂ© au climat varie fortement le long du gradient de continentalitĂ©. La croissance dĂ©pend d'autant plus du dĂ©ficit hydrique estival que les arbres poussent sous climat ocĂ©anique ; dans ce contexte, la largeur de cerne dĂ©pend aussi positivement des prĂ©cipitations de l'automne et de l'hiver prĂ©cĂ©dant la saison de vĂ©gĂ©tation. À l'inverse, la sensibilitĂ© au froid hivernal tend Ă  augmenter sous climat semi-continental. Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent une sensibilitĂ© rĂ©gionale du ChĂȘne sessile aux changements climatiques

    Responses of an endangered brown bear population to climate change based on predictable food resource and shelter alterations

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    The survival of an increasing number of species is threatened by climate change: 20%–30% of plants and animals seem to be at risk of range shift or extinction if global warming reaches levels projected to occur by the end of this century. Plant range shifts may determine whether animal species that rely on plant availability for food and shelter will be affected by new patterns of plant occupancy and availability. Brown bears in temperate forested habitats mostly forage on plants and it may be expected that climate change will affect the viability of the endangered populations of southern Europe. Here, we assess the potential impact of climate change on seven plants that represent the main food resources and shelter for the endangered population of brown bears in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain). Our simulations suggest that the geographic range of these plants might be altered under future climate warming, with most bear resources reducing their range. As a consequence, this brown bear population is expected to decline drastically in the next 50 years. Range shifts of brown bear are also expected to displace individuals from mountainous areas towards more humanized ones, where we can expect an increase in conflicts and bear mortality rates. Additional negative effects might include: (a) a tendency to a more carnivorous diet, which would increase conflicts with cattle farmers; (b) limited fat storage before hibernation due to the reduction of oak forests; (c) increased intraspecific competition with other acorn consumers, that is, wild ungulates and free-ranging livestock; and (d) larger displacements between seasons to find main trophic resources. The magnitude of the changes projected by our models emphasizes that conservation practices focused only on bears may not be appropriate and thus we need more dynamic conservation planning aimed at reducing the impact of climate change in forested landscapes.Spanish Ministry of of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU). Grant Number: Excellence Project CGL2017-8278

    Relationship between climate and growth of two North African varieties of Pinus pinaster Arn

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    International audiencePlanting tree species that are well adapted to local ecological conditions guarantees the success and sustainability of forest restoration. The aim of this study was to investigate the acclimation of two varieties of Pinus pinaster (var. renoui from Tunisia and var. maghrebiana from Morocco), to the ecological conditions of the Kroumirie Mountains in northwest of Tunisia. Tree growth performance (diameter at 1.30 m [DBH], ring widths and total height) and climate–growth responses over the period 1970–2013 were evaluated for two varieties. The trees used in this study were from pine variety and provenance trials growing in common garden in Souiniet (21 trees per variety). Significant difference in height growth rate, DBH and ring widths was found between the two varieties. The Maghrebiana variety had the highest survival and mean radial growth rates. The mean sensitivity to climate was the same in two varieties. A significant negative correlation between May precipitation and radial growth was found for var. maghrebiana. Both varieties showed a significant negative correlation between May and June temperatures and radial growth. January–February temperatures had a positive influence on ring width. The Maghrebiana variety appears well acclimatised so it is expected to ensure more successful restoration of Kroumirie Mountains.Planter des essences bien adaptĂ©es aux conditions Ă©cologiques locales garantit le succĂšs et la durabilitĂ© de la restauration des forĂȘts. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer l’acclimatation de deux variĂ©tĂ©s de Pinus pinaster (var. Renoui de la Tunisie et var. Maghrebiana du Maroc) aux conditions Ă©cologiques des montagnes de la Kroumirie au nord‐ouest de la Tunisie. Les performances de croissance des arbres (diamĂštre Ă  1,30 m [DBH], largeurs de cernes et hauteur totale) et les rĂ©ponses climatcroissance sur la pĂ©riode 1970‐2013 ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es pour les deux variĂ©tĂ©s. Les arbres utilisĂ©s dans cette Ă©tude provenaient d'essais de variĂ©tĂ©s et des provenances de pins poussant dans une plantation comparative Ă  Souiniet (21 arbres par variĂ©tĂ©). Une diffĂ©rence significative entre les taux de croissance en hauteur, en DBH et des largeurs des cernes a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre les deux variĂ©tĂ©s. La variĂ©tĂ© Maghrebiana avait les taux de survie et de croissance radiale les plus Ă©levĂ©s. La sensibilitĂ© moyenne au climat Ă©tait la mĂȘme dans les deux variĂ©tĂ©s. Une corrĂ©lation nĂ©gative significative entre les prĂ©cipitations de mai et la croissance radiale a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©e pour maghrebiana var. Les deux variĂ©tĂ©s ont montrĂ© une correlation nĂ©gative significative entre les tempĂ©ratures de mai‐juin et la croissance radiale. Les tempĂ©ratures de janvier‐fĂ©vrier ont eu une influence positive sur la largeur des cernes. La variĂ©tĂ© Maghrebiana semble bien acclimatĂ©e donc, il est prĂ©vu d'assurer une restauration plus rĂ©ussie des montagnes de la Kroumirie
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