Chemical Bonding Analysis on Amphoteric Hydrogen - Alkaline Earth Ammine Borohydrides

Usually the ions in solid are in the positive oxidation states or in the negative oxidation state depending upon the chemical environment. It is highly unusual for an ion having both positive as well as negative oxidation state in a particular compound. Structural analysis suggest that the alkaline earth ammine borohydrides (AABH) with the chemical formula M (BH4)2(NH3)2 (M = Mg, Ca, or Sr) where hydrogen is present in +1 and -1 oxidation states. In order to understand the oxidation states of hydrogen and also the character of chemical bond present in AABH we have made charge density, electron localization function, Born effective charge, Bader effective charge, and density of states analyses using result from the density functional calculations. Our detailed analyses show that hydrogen is in amphoteric behavior with hydrogen closer to boron is in negative oxidation state and that closer to nitrogen is in the positive oxidation state. Due to the presence of finite covalent bonding between the consitutents in AABH the oxidation state of hydrogen is non-interger value. The confirmation of the presence of amphtoric behavior of hydrogen in AABH has implication in hydrogen storage applications

Ti4+ Substituted Magnesium Hydride as Promising Material for Hydrogen Storage and Photovoltaic Applications

In order to overcome the disadvantages of MgH2 towards its applications in on-board hydrogen storage, first principle calculations have been performed for Ti (2+, 3+, and 4+) substituted MgH2. Our calculated enthalpy of formation and H site energy implies that Ti substitution in Mg site reduces the stability of MgH2 which improve the hydrogen storage properties and Ti prefers to be in +4 oxidation state in MgH2. The bonding analyses through partial density of states, electron localization function and Bader charge of these systems confirm the existence of iono-covalent bonding. Electronic structure obtained from hybrid functional calculations show that intermediate bands (IB) are formed in Ti4+ substituted MgH2 which could improve the solar cell efficiencies due to multiple photon absorption from valence band to conduction band via IBs and converts low energy photons in the solar spectrum also into electricity. Further, our calculated carrier effective masses and optical absorption spectra show that Ti4+ substituted MgH2 is suitable for higher efficiency photovoltaic applications. Our results suggest that Ti4+ substituted MgH2 can be considered as a promising material for hydrogen storage as well as photovoltaic applications

A study on clinical profile, management and outcome in pediatric patients admitted with scorpion envenomation

Background: Scorpion envenomation is a common medical emergency. The main aim is to study clinical profile, management and outcome.Methods: Prospective observational study of Scorpion envenomation cases for six months. case sheets were analysed for clinical profile, symptoms, complications, management and outcome.Results: During the study period first 50 cases were admitted and treated for the following results 66% were males and 34% were females, 46% were upper extremity and 54% were lower extremity. common clinical symptoms are pain at site, autonomic storm, palpitation, headaches, abdominal pain, altered sensorium, vomiting. 40% of patients received prazosin with 1-2 hrs. the major complications were myocarditis, encephalopathy, Peripheral circulatory failure & congestive cardiac failure. There was no mortality in this study.Conclusions: The study finding shows that early and effective use of prazosin treatment showed good outcome in patients. Less complications were seen in patients those who received the first aid. This study concludes that majority of patient were exposed to complication due to shortfall in education, awareness and pre-hospitalization. We, as a clinical pharmacist, tried to create awareness and provide education to health care workers in all primary health care center through distributing pamphlets to general public in and around hospital

ENERGY MINIMIZATION FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BANDING PATTERN IN CHROMOSOMES USING OPTIMIZED GRAPH CUT ALGORITHM

Intensity inhomogeneity is a significant cause in reducing the accuracy of image segmentation. This paper proposes an algorithm for identification of bands in chromosomes using graph cut segmentation that uses global and local image statistics. The global energy is an estimate of the intensity distribution of the image and background and local energy provide the information related with neighboring pixels that eliminates the impact of intensity inhomogeneities. Efficient energy minimization helps in better pixel labeling and this is done by optimized Graph cut process. The shape prior of the band at each location of the image is considered with shape probability energy functions. The experimental results demonstrate that the approach is robust and efficient in detecting the band information in chromosomes to a larger extent

1,3,4-Oxadiazole Dimers: New and Effective corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in sulphuric acid solution

The corrosion inhibition property of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole dimers have been investigated for mild steel in acidic environment using gravimetric method, Tafel polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and adsorption isotherm. The results revealed that 1,3,4-Oxadiazole dimers had excellent corrosion inhibition property for mild steel in 1M H2SO4 acid media and its inhibitive efficiency was more than 99% even with a low concentration of 1000ppm.The adsorption of the organic compounds on the mild steel surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption  isotherm. IR spectra and SEM proved the adsorption of organic inhibitors and the formation of corrosion products on the mild steel surface.Â

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEONOTIS NEPETIFOLIA (L) R.BR - A SHORT REVIEW

Leonotis nepetifolia (L) R.Br commonly known as Lion’s ear, has number of therapeutic properties and is also known as Christmas candlestic. The genus Leonotis has 12 species widely distributed in Pan Tropics and is represented by one species, Leonotis nepetifolia in India. It belongs to family Lamiaceae. Leonotis nepetifolia is an economically important medicinal plant of repute in Indian traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. The Ayurvedic name of the plant is Granthiparni, while the trade name is Barchi Buti. It has many therapeutic properties and proved in Madagascar, Brazil, Canada, Kenya and many African Countries to treat diseases, rheumatism, dysmenorrhoea, bronchial asthma, fever, diarrhoea influenza and malaria and is also an analgesic. The decoction of the leaves is used to treat coughs, burns and skin ailments. The whole plant is used for menstrual pain and unspecified female complaints. This plant exhibited various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant activity, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, wound healing, hepatoprotective activity and antimicrobial activities. Phytochemical examination of this plant indicated the presence of alkaloids (leonurine and stachydrene), iridoid glycoside (leonuride), iridoid glycosides (leonurin and leonuridine), diterpenoids (leocardin), flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, apigenin), volatile oil, tannins and vitamin A. Leonotis nepetifolia is highly therapeutic and is used in various Ayurvedic formulations. This article briefly reviews the pharmacological and various therapeutic aspect of Leonotis nepetifolia

Mobile and wearable technologies for persons with disabilities: a bibliometric analysis (2000–2021)

Purpose: This study uses a bibliometric approach to analyse the patterns in research related to mobile and wearable technologies for persons with disabilities to evaluate the current state of relevant research. Materials and methods: A systematic search was done using two strings covering “disability” and “mobile and wearable technologies” in the titles of publications in the Web of Science database. Two researchers independently screened the results for relevant publications. During this process, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were deliberated and refined. An independent researcher checked the screening results against the finalized inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure that the screening was done consistently. Results: A total of 2012 out of the 5990 retrieved publications from 2000 to 2022 were included for further analysis. We observed that publications in this area grew exponentially since 2011, almost doubling every 2 years between 2011 and 2015. Universities in the USA were the most active and prominent in relevant publications. Autism is the most researched disability in relation to mobile and wearable technologies. The publications cover both hardware (engineering, electrical and electronic) and software (computer science, theory and methods) technologies used for improving quality of life for persons with disabilities (rehabilitation). Conclusions: The majority of publications were from high income countries, indicating the need to study the digital divide among high-, low- and middle-income countries in adopting mobile and wearable technologies for persons with disabilities, especially ways of making these technologies more affordable and accessible to the under-privileged members of the community

Smart Agriculture Land Crop Protection Intrusion Detection Using Artificial Intelligence

Human-wildlife conflict is the term used to describe when human activity results in a negative outcome for people, their resources, wild animals, or their habitat. Human population growth encroaches on wildlife habitat, resulting in a decrease in resources. In particular habitats, there are numerous forms of human and domesticated animal death or injury as a result of conflict. Farmers and the animals that invade farmland suffer greatly as a result. Our project’s primary objective is to lessen human-animal conflict and loss. The embedded system and image processing technique are utilized in the project. Python is used to perform image processing techniques like segmentation, statistical and feature extraction using expectation maximization, and classification using CNN. The classification is used to determine whether the land is empty or if animals are present. A buzzer sound is produced, a light electric current is passed to the fence, and a message alerting the farmer to the animal’s entry into the farmland is transmitted. This prevents the animal from entering the field and enables the landowner to take the necessary steps to get the animal back to the forest. The result is serially sent to the controller broad from the control board