Experimental Facilities at the High Energy Frontier

The main theme of the lectures covered the experimental work at hadron colliders, with a clear focus on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and on the roadmap that led finally to the discovery of the Higgs boson. The lectures were not a systematic course on machine and detector technologies, but rather tried to give a physics-motivated overview of many experimental aspects that were all relevant for making the discovery. The actual lectures covered a much broader scope than what is documented here in this writeup. The successful concepts for the experiments at the LHC have benefitted from the experience gained with previous generations of detectors at lower-energy machines. The lectures included also an outlook to the future experimental programme at the LHC, with its machine and experiments upgrades, as well as a short discussion of possible facilities at the high energy frontier beyond LHC.Comment: 32 pages, contribution to the CERN in the Proceedings of the 2015 CERN-Latin-American School of High-Energy Physics, Ibarra, Ecuador, 4 - 17 March 201

Which Came First the Parent or the Child?

From the moment a child is born, she is a juridical person endowed with constitutional rights. A child’s parents, however, do not become legal parents until a state statute grants them the fundamental right to raise one’s child. The state, therefore, exercises considerable power and discretion when it drafts the parentage statutes that determine who becomes a legal parent. This article asserts that the state, through its parens patriae power, has a duty to act as an agent for children when it drafts its parentage statutes. In particular, the state must adopt parentage statutes that satisfy children’s fundamental right to legal parents at birth. This right derives from the Substantive Due Process privacy right to form intimate, familial relationships, as well as the right to intimate association and ensures that a child may develop the parent-child relationships necessary to preserve her liberty, protect her rights, and define her identity. To guarantee children’s fundamental right to legal parents at birth, states must reform their current parentage statutes. This article argues that states must first replace all presumptions in parentage statutes with clear determinations of legal parentage at birth. Next, states must grant legal parentage of children conceived through sexual reproduction to the child’s genetic parents. For children conceived through assisted reproductive technology, states must grant legal parentage to the intended parents. By adopting statutes that assign children parents from these respective groups, states ensure that the persons who are most likely to act in the child’s best interest become the child’s legal parents. In so doing, the state fulfills its parens patriae obligation to guarantee every child’s fundamental right to legal parents at birth

Feasibility of integrated bivalve farming at Pallipuram in Vypeen Island, Cochin

The technologies for edible oyster and mussel farming have been developed by CMFRI in 1980's. In order to facilitate the transfer of technologies, several demonstration trials have been carried out at various locations to test the adaptability, ecofriendliness, economic viability and sustainability of these technologies

Left ventricular flow from apex to base during systole and isovolumic relaxation in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and midventricular obstruction

The occurrence of a left ventricular anterograde flow velocity (maximal: 3·9m . s−1) is demonstrated in a 32-year-old patient with hypertrophic cardioinyopathy and midveniricular obstruction, beginning at early systole and persisting throughout the isovolumic relaxation. Cardiac catheterization with simultaneous dual high fidelity pressure measurements in the apical and basal chambers confirmed the presence of the Doppler maximal instantaneous pressure gradient of 60 mmHg. Contrast left ventricular angiography excluded apical dyskinesia. In the two intracavity compartments, isovolumic relaxation time and the time constant of pressure decay (τ) were abnormal whereby τ was more delayed in the apical than in the basal portion. The presence of an apical high pressure zone during systole with impeded and delayed emptying through the midventricular obstacle and the late onset and prolongation of relaxation are thought to be the cause of the intraventricular flow from apex to base lasting from early systole throughout isovolumic relaxatio

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Metacyclic Trypanosoma vivax possess a surface coat

Coated metacyclics of Trypanosoma vivax exist in the hypopharynges of infected tsetse flies and are extruded in low numbers when the flies are induced to probe onto warm slides or into medium. After extensive searching of T. vivax-infected proboscides, and resort to a process for the examination of single, extruded, metacyclic trypanosomes, electron micro scopic evidence is presented that, contrary to an earlier report, metacyclic T. vivaxacquire a surface coat before contact with the mammalian host. Since T. vivax exhibits antigenic variation, the role of the surface coat in this species is likely to be functionally equivalent to the surface coat of the other tsetse-transmitted trypanosome species, T. brucei and T. congolens

Patients participating to neurobiological research in early psychosis: A selected subgroup?

Selection bias could be an important limiting factor in psychiatric neurobiological research. The study aim was to compare, within an early psychosis program, patients who agreed to participate to neurobiological research with patients who refused. 284 patients with early psychosis were assessed at baseline on a large set of socio-demographic and clinical variables and were followed-up over 36 months. There were no differences between groups, except regarding forensic/psychiatric history, lifetime substance abuse and social-occupational level during follow-up. While patients participating to neurobiological research seem representative of our clinical cohort, the few differences identified may deserve attention

Agricultural land use and human presence around breeding sites increase stress-hormone levels and decrease body mass in barn owl nestlings.

Human activities can have a suite of positive and negative effects on animals and thus can affect various life history parameters. Human presence and agricultural practice can be perceived as stressors to which animals react with the secretion of glucocorticoids. The acute short-term secretion of glucocorticoids is considered beneficial and helps an animal to redirect energy and behaviour to cope with a critical situation. However, a long-term increase of glucocorticoids can impair e.g. growth and immune functions. We investigated how nestling barn owls (Tyto alba) are affected by the surrounding landscape and by human activities around their nest sites. We studied these effects on two response levels: (a) the physiological level of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, represented by baseline concentrations of corticosterone and the concentration attained by a standardized stressor; (b) fitness parameters: growth of the nestlings and breeding performance. Nestlings growing up in intensively cultivated areas showed increased baseline corticosterone levels late in the season and had an increased corticosterone release after a stressful event, while their body mass was decreased. Nestlings experiencing frequent anthropogenic disturbance had elevated baseline corticosterone levels, an increased corticosterone stress response and a lower body mass. Finally, breeding performance was better in structurally more diverse landscapes. In conclusion, anthropogenic disturbance affects offspring quality rather than quantity, whereas agricultural practices affect both life history traits