Ultrasonic Speed and Related Acoustical Parameters of 1,1ʼ-Binaphthalene-2,2ʼ-diyl Diacetate Solutions at 308.15 K

The density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic speed (U) (2 MHz) of chloroform, THF, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 1,4-dioxane and 1,1ʼ-binaphthalene-2,2ʼ-diyl diacetate (DBNA) solutions have been determined at 308.15 K. Various acoustical parameters namely specific acoustical impedance (Z), adiabatic compressibility (κa), Van der Waals constant (b), intermolecular path length (Lf), internal pressure (π), Raoʼs molar sound function (R), relaxation time (τ), classical absorption coefficient (α/f2)cl and solvation number (Sn) have been derived from ρ, η and U data and correlated with concentration (C). A fairly good to excellent correlation has been observed between a particular parameter and C. Linear increase of Z, R, b, (α/f2)cl and τ (except EA) (R2 = 0.90 – 0.999) and linear decrease of κs, π and Lf (R2 = 0.947 – 0.995) with C supported existence of powerful molecular interactions in the solutions and further supported by nonlinear increase of Sn with C. A fairly constant Gibbs free energy of activation has been observed in all the solvent systems studied

Antibacterial activity of methanolic and acetone extract of some medicinal plants used in indian folklore

Antibacterial study of methanolic and acetone extract in crude and treated (with 50 % lead acetate) form of medicinal plants Alstonia scholaris Linn. R.Br. (Stem bark, Apocynaceae), Achyranthus aspera Linn. (Whole plant, acantheceae), Moringa oleifera Lam. (Leaves, Morinaceae), Tinospora cordifolia (Stem, Menispermaceae), and Enicostema hyssopifolium (Willd) (Stem, Gentianaceae). Extractive values in methanol were found higher then the extractive value in acetone, for all plants. All extract of plants were tried at 40-mg/ml concentrations against eight strains of bacteria, by agarwell-difusion test. Acetone extract was found more active as compared to methanol extract. Phytochemical investigation revealed crude and treated extracts of all plants were containing more or less same type of chemical constituents (except protein and carbohydrate). Selected eight strains of bacteria were study for antibiotic susceptibility against standard antibiotics like Ampicillin (10µg), Tetracycline (25µg), Gentamicin (30µg), Co-Trimoxazole (25µg), Amikacin (10µg), by Octadisc. Treated extract of M. oleifera and A. scholaris were count as to new source of antimicrobial agent for the infectious diseases (Typhoid). Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Medicinal Plants, infectious diseases

The presence of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with FUS positive inclusions

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with fused in sarcoma–positive inclusions (FTLD-FUS) is a disease with unknown cause. Transportin 1 is abundantly found in FUS-positive inclusions and responsible for the nuclear import of the FET proteins of which FUS is a member. The presence of all FET proteins in pathological inclusions suggests a disturbance of transportin 1–mediated nuclear import. FUS also belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) protein family. We investigated whether hnRNP proteins are associated with FUS pathology implicating dysfunctional nuclear export in the pathogenesis of FTLD-FUS. hnRNP proteins were investigated in affected brain regions in FTLD-FUS using immunohistochemistry, biochemical analysis, and the expression analysis. We demonstrated the presence of several hnRNP proteins in pathological inclusions including neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and dystrophic neurites. The biochemical analysis revealed a shift in the location of hnRNP A1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The expression analysis revealed an increase in several hnRNP proteins in FTLD-FUS. These results implicate a wider dysregulation of movement between intracellular compartments, than mechanisms only affecting the nuclear import of FUS proteins

Effects of a four-year health systems intervention on the use of maternal and infant health services: results from a programme evaluation in two districts of rural Chad

BACKGROUND: Attendance of maternal and infant care services in rural Chad are consistently low. Our study aimed to assess the use of antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services, health facility delivery and infant health services after 4 years of a health systems intervention for improving the infrastructure, supplies, training and sensitization for maternal and infant health in two districts of rural Chad. METHODS: Data from a repeated cross-sectional household survey conducted in Yao and Danamadji in 2015 and in 2018 were analyzed. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling methodology was applied to achieve a representative sample of the rural settled and mobile population groups in the study area. A generalized linear model was applied to determine the health care utilization rates. Multivariate regression models were used to assess the association between the programme intervention and utilization outcomes of selected maternal and infant health services. RESULTS: Complete datasets were available for 1284 households at baseline. The endline analysis included 1175 households with complete survey data. The use of at least one ANC amongst pregnant women increased in both settled communities (from 80% in 2015 to 90% in 2018) and amongst mobile pastoralist communities (from 48% in 2015 to 56% in 2018). The rate of home delivery among settled communities and mobile pastoralists changed little between baseline and endline and remained high for both population groups. Individuals that were covered by the health systems intervention were however significantly more likely to attend ANC and less likely to give birth at home. PNC services only showed improvements amongst the settled communities (of 30%). Infants' reported health outcomes and vaccination coverage considerably improved; the latter especially among mobile pastoralist (from 15% in 2015 to 84% in 2018). CONCLUSION: A combination of health systems strengthening interventions was associated with an increased use of certain maternal and infant health services. However, to facilitate equitable access to and use of health care services in particular in times of increased vulnerability and by certain population groups in hard-to-reach areas, reinforced health education and culturally adapted communication strategies, including gender-specific messaging will be needed over a sustained period

Učinak ricinoleične kiseline iz ricinusova ulja na proizvodna svojstva i hemato-biokemijski profil krava pasmine Kankrej u laktaciji

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary ricinoleic acid from castor oil on the milk yield, composition, fatty acid profile and haemato-biochemical profile in lactating Kankrej cows. Twenty lactating Kankrej cows were assigned to the following groups: control (CON), basal diet without any additive and treatment (RAS), basal diet with 2 g/animal/day of ricinoleic acid from castor oil. Dietary ricinoleic acid had no (P>0.05) effect on dry matter intake and feed efficiency. Milk yield (milk, 4% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk) were not affected (P>0.05) by the feeding of ricinoleic acid. The milk composition showed no significant differences between the groups. A significantly (P0.05) in haemato-biochemical profile between the CON and RAS groups. It was concluded that supplementation of 2 g/animal/day ricinoleic acid from castor oil had no effect on milk yield, milk composition and haemato-biochemical profile. However, it increased the milk fat percentages of unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and decreased milk saturated fatty acids, without any adverse effect on the health status of the cows.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinak ricinoleične kiseline iz ricinusova ulja na prinos mlijeka, kemijski sastav mlijeka, profil masnih kiselina u mlijeku te na hemato-biokemijski profil krava pasmine Kankrej u laktaciji. Ukupno 20 krava u laktaciji podijeljeno je u: kontrolnu skupinu (CON), skupinu koja je dobivala osnovnu hranu, bez dodataka i pokusnu skupinu (RAS), koja je dobivala osnovnu hranu i 2 g po životinji dnevno ricinoleične kiseline iz ricinusova ulja. Ricinoleična kiselina nije imala učinka (P>0,05) na unos suhe tvari i iskorištavanje hrane. Dodatak ricinoleične kiseline nije utjecao (P>0,05) na prinos mlijeka (mlijeko, obogaćeno mlijeko s 4 % masnoće i energijski obogaćeno mlijeko). Sastav mlijeka nije pokazao znakovite razlike među skupinama. Uočen je znakovito veći postotak C4:0, C6:0 i C8:0 u mlijeku u skupini RAS (P0,05) u hemato-biokemijskom profilu skupina CON i RAS. Zaključeno je da dodatak 2 g ricinoleične kiseline po životinji dnevno ne utječe na prinos i sastav mlijeka te hemato- biokemijski profil, međutim povećava postotak mliječne masti, nezasićenih masnih kiselina i višestruko nezasićenih masnih kiselina, a smanjuje postotak zasićenih masnih kiselina bez posljedica za zdravlje krava