Die Ruderalvegetation der Region Feldbach unter Klima- und Nutzungsdruck

Die Region Feldbach in der Südoststeiermark gilt seit der Etablierung des WegenerNet 2007 als Vorzeige-Modellregion für die Klimaforschung. Das Netzwerk aus über 150 Messstationen liefert räumlich sowie zeitlich hochauflösende Wetter- und Klimadaten. Die Region ist aufgrund ihrer geografischen Lage besonders klimasensitiv, da der Temperaturanstieg im Vergleich zur restlichen Steiermark sehr markant ausfällt. Dies gab uns zum Anlass, die kurzlebige Ruderalvegetation in dem Gebiet bezüglich ihrer Eignung als Klimaindikator zu testen. Im Sommer 2017 wurden 291 Vegetationsaufnahmen ruderaler Standorte angefertigt und mit Aufnahmen aus dem Jahr 2011 verglichen. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie schnell kurzlebige Arten auf eine Klimaveränderung reagieren können und inwiefern sich die Artenzusammensetzung ruderaler Pflanzengesellschaften ändert. Nebenbei wurde auch auf den Nutzungsdruck eingegangen, der auf solche Vegetationseinheiten herrscht.Since the establishment of the WegenerNet in the year 2007 the region Feldbach in Southeast-Styria became a unique hotspot for climate research. The network consists of over 150 meteorological stations. Climate and weather data are gained spatial and temporal in very high resolution. The region is regarded as climate-sensitive because of the geographical position. The temperature shift is strikingly higher than in most other parts of Styria. For this reason we investigated if short-lived ruderal vegetation is suitable for indicating climatic changes. Thus in summer 2017 we recorded 291 relevés of ruderal habitats and compared them with samples from the year 2011. The key question is how changes in weather and climate affect species composition of those vegetation units and how quick short-living species are able to react. Besides we also investigated the influence of land use on ruderal vegetation.Arbeit an der Bibliothek noch nicht eingelangt - Daten nicht geprüftAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2020(VLID)489130

Riccia atromarginata (Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta) new to the Western Balkans, with notes on its morphology

This is the first record of the liverwort Riccia atromarginata for the Western Balkans. It was found on conglomerate terraces in the city of Podgorica, Montenegro, at the confluence of the rivers Ribnica and Morača. The material from Montenegro as well as living samples from Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Cyprus served as a basis for a detailed description of the main characteristics of the species, on the basis of which Riccia atromarginata can be reliably identified. However, for some characteristics there is a clear variability

Riccia atromarginata (Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta) new to the west Balkan peninsula

This is the first record of the liverwort Riccia atromarginata on the west Balkan Peninsula. It was found on conglomerate terraces in Podgorica, Montenegro, at the confluence of Ribnica and Moraca River. The material from Montenegro as well as living samples from Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Cyprus serve as a basis of a detailed description of the species on which to Riccia atromarginata can be reliably identified. However, there is a distinct variability of some characteristics

The microbiome of Riccia liverworts is an important reservoir for microbial diversity in temporary agricultural crusts

Abstract Background The microbiota of liverworts provides an interesting model for plant symbioses; however, their microbiome assembly is not yet understood. Here, we assessed specific factors that shape microbial communities associated with Riccia temporary agricultural crusts in harvested fields by investigating bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities in thalli and adhering soil from different field sites in Styria and Burgenland, Austria combining qPCR analyses, amplicon sequencing and advanced microscopy. Results Riccia spec. div. was colonized by a very high abundance of bacteria (1010 16S rRNA gene copies per g of thallus) as well as archaea and fungi (108 ITS copies per g of thallus). Each Riccia thallus contain approx. 1000 prokaryotic and fungal ASVs. The field type was the main driver for the enrichment of fungal taxa, likely due to an imprint on soil microbiomes by the cultivated crop plants. This was shown by a higher fungal richness and different fungal community compositions comparing liverwort samples collected from pumpkin fields, with those from corn fields. In contrast, bacterial communities linked to liverworts are highly specialized and the soil attached to them is not a significant source of these bacteria. Specifically, enriched Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Methylobacteria suggest a symbiotic interaction. Intriguingly, compared to the surrounding soil, the thallus samples were shown to enrich several well-known bacterial and fungal phytopathogens indicating an undescribed role of liverworts as potential reservoirs of crop pathogens. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that a stable bacterial community but varying fungal communities are colonizing liverwort thalli. Post-harvest, temporary agricultural biocrusts are important reservoirs for microbial biodiversity but they have to be considered as potential reservoirs for pathogens as well

Transcriptional and metabolic adaptation of human neurons to the mitochondrial toxicant MPP⁺

Assessment of the network of toxicity pathways by Omics technologies and bioinformatic data processing paves the road toward a new toxicology for the twenty-first century. Especially, the upstream network of responses, taking place in toxicant-treated cells before a point of no return is reached, is still little explored. We studied the effects of the model neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by a combined metabolomics (mass spectrometry) and transcriptomics (microarrays and deep sequencing) approach to provide unbiased data on earliest cellular adaptations to stress. Neural precursor cells (LUHMES) were differentiated to homogeneous cultures of fully postmitotic human dopaminergic neurons, and then exposed to the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor MPP+ (5 μM). At 18–24 h after treatment, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial integrity were still close to control levels, but pronounced transcriptome and metabolome changes were seen. Data on altered glucose flux, depletion of phosphocreatine and oxidative stress (e.g., methionine sulfoxide formation) confirmed the validity of the approach. New findings were related to nuclear paraspeckle depletion, as well as an early activation of branches of the transsulfuration pathway to increase glutathione. Bioinformatic analysis of our data identified the transcription factor ATF-4 as an upstream regulator of early responses. Findings on this signaling pathway and on adaptive increases of glutathione production were confirmed biochemically. Metabolic and transcriptional profiling contributed complementary information on multiple primary and secondary changes that contribute to the cellular response to MPP+. Thus, combined ‘Omics’ analysis is a new unbiased approach to unravel earliest metabolic changes, whose balance decides on the final cell fate