Effects of climate on wood formation of Quercus robur L. and Quercus pyrenaica Willd. along a mediterraneity gradient in Galicia: an Integrated analysis using phenology, anatomy, and dendroecology

This Thesis is focused on the study of seasonal dynamics of wood formation and non-structural carbohydrates, as well as on the climatic information contained in tree-ring series, in two ring-porous species with contrasting ecological strategies (Q. robur L. and Q. pyrenaica Willd.) along a water-availability gradient in Galicia. This integrative approach allows us to yield a detailed portrayal of the processes controlling wood formation, and their consequences on tree hydraulic functionality and the carbon balance. This research is particularly concerned about the environmental control of growth, whereby the obtained information is used to ascertain the responses of deciduous oaks to the ongoing environmental change

Effects of thinning intensity on radial growth patterns and temperature sensitivity in Pinus canariensis afforestations on Tenerife Island, Spain

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8The suitability of thinning to prevent forest growth decline from global warming has been 25 scarcely tested in the Macaronesian Canary pine (Pinus canariensis Sweet ex Spreng.). We used tree-ring series from dominant, codominant, and overtopped trees to study the 27 effects of thinning intensity on basal area increments (BAI) and climate sensitivity on windward 28 (wet) and leeward (dry) slopes on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Three replicated blocks of control, 29 light thinning, and heavy thinning stands were set on each slope in 1988, and cores were 30 extracted in 2007. Heavy thinning induced growth release and increased BAI, mainly on dominant and 32 codominant trees, whereas light thinning effects were negligible; their impacts were more intense 33 on windward. Temperature sensitivity was hardly affected by thinning on leeward, where climate 34 control was stronger. On windward, thinning enhanced the influence of summer temperatures. 35 Upper crown classes were overall more sensitive, but overtopped trees responded better in 36 summer. Thinning intensity and aspect greatly influence growth on Canary pine afforestations, but 38 individual responses are highly dependent on crown classes. In addition, thinning may be less 39 effective to modify growth conditions on leeward slopes, at least if it is not intense.We thank A. González, S. Lamas, P. Manso, I. Outeda, B. Rodríguez-Morales and A. Soliño for laboratory assistance, N. Muñoz for statistical advice, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on the manuscript. The staff of Corona Forestal Natural Park of Tenerife facilitated site accession. We gratefully acknowledge the effort 380 of staff and technicians that designed and executed the thinning experiment in 1988. V. Rozas benefited by a visiting fellowship to the University of La Laguna, funded by Consellería de Innovación e Industria, Xunta de Galicia, and research contracts by INIA-Xunta de Galicia and 383 CSIC. This research was partially funded by Consellería de Innovación e Industria, Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06PXIB502262PR) and INIA, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTA2006-00117)

Tropical tree growth driven by dry-season climate variability

Interannual variability in the global land carbon sink is strongly related to variations in tropical temperature and rainfall. This association suggests an important role for moisture-driven fluctuations in tropical vegetation productivity, but empirical evidence to quantify the responsible ecological processes is missing. Such evidence can be obtained from tree-ring data that quantify variability in a major vegetation productivity component: woody biomass growth. Here we compile a pantropical tree-ring network to show that annual woody biomass growth increases primarily with dry-season precipitation and decreases with dry-season maximum temperature. The strength of these dry-season climate responses varies among sites, as reflected in four robust and distinct climate response groups of tropical tree growth derived from clustering. Using cluster and regression analyses, we find that dry-season climate responses are amplified in regions that are drier, hotter and more climatically variable. These amplification patterns suggest that projected global warming will probably aggravate drought-induced declines in annual tropical vegetation productivity. Our study reveals a previously underappreciated role of dry-season climate variability in driving the dynamics of tropical vegetation productivity and consequently in influencing the land carbon sink.We acknowledge financial support to the co-authors provided by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina (PICT 2014-2797) to M.E.F.; Alberta Mennega Stichting to P.G.; BBVA Foundation to H.A.M. and J.J.C.; Belspo BRAIN project: BR/143/A3/HERBAXYLAREDD to H.B.; Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil - CNA to C.F.; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, Brazil (PDSE 15011/13-5 to M.A.P.; 88881.135931/2016-01 to C.F.; 88887.199858/2018-00 to G.A.-P.; Finance Code 001 for all Brazilian collaborators); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, Brazil (ENV 42 to O.D.; 1009/4785031-2 to G.C.; 311874/2017-7 to J.S.); CONACYT-CB-2016-283134 to J.V.-D.; CONICET to F.A.R.; CUOMO FOUNDATION (IPCC scholarship) to M.M.; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - DFG (BR 1895/15-1 to A.B.; BR 1895/23-1 to A.B.; BR 1895/29-1 to A.B.; BR 1895/24-1 to M.M.); DGD-RMCA PilotMAB to B.T.; Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico of the UNAM (Mexico) to R.B.; Elsa-Neumann-Scholarship of the Federal State of Berlin to F.S.; EMBRAPA Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation to C.F.; Equatorian Dirección de Investigación UNL (21-DI-FARNR-2019) to D.P.-C.; São Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (2009/53951-7 to M.T.-F.; 2012/50457-4 to G.C.; 2018/01847‐0 to P.G.; 2018/24514-7 to J.R.V.A.; 2019/08783-0 to G.M.L.; 2019/27110-7 to C.F.); FAPESP-NERC 18/50080-4 to G.C.; FAPITEC/SE/FUNTEC no. 01/2011 to M.A.P.; Fulbright Fellowship to B.J.E.; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) to M.I. and M.R.; German Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Technology (FRG 0339638) to O.D.; ICRAF through the Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry research programme of the CGIAR to M.M.; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI-SGP-CRA 2047) to J.V.-D.; International Foundation for Science (D/5466-1) to M.I.; Lamont Climate Center to B.M.B.; Miquelfonds to P.G.; National Geographic Global Exploration Fund (GEFNE80-13) to I.R.; USA’s National Science Foundation NSF (IBN-9801287 to A.J.L.; GER 9553623 and a postdoctoral fellowship to B.J.E.); NSF P2C2 (AGS-1501321) to A.C.B., D.G.-S. and G.A.-P.; NSF-FAPESP PIRE 2017/50085-3 to M.T.-F., G.C. and G.M.L.; NUFFIC-NICHE programme (HEART project) to B.K., E.M., J.H.S., J.N. and R. Vinya; Peru ‘s CONCYTEC and World Bank (043-2019-FONDECYT-BM-INC.INV.) to J.G.I.; Peru’s Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT-BM-INC.INV 039-2019) to E.J.R.-R. and M.E.F.; Programa Bosques Andinos - HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation to M.E.F.; Programa Nacional de Becas y Crédito Educativo - PRONABEC to J.G.I.; Schlumberger Foundation Faculty for the Future to J.N.; Sigma Xi to A.J.L.; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute to R. Alfaro-Sánchez.; Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs AECID (11-CAP2-1730) to H.A.M. and J.J.C.; UK NERC grant NE/K01353X/1 to E.G.Peer reviewe

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON WOOD FORMATION OF QUERCUS ROBUR L. AND QUERCUS PYRENAICA WILLD. ALONG A MEDITERRANEITY GRADIENT IN GALICIA: AN INTEGRATED ANALYSIS USING PHENOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND DENDROECOLOGY

Documentos apresentados no âmbito do reconhecimento de graus e diplomas estrangeiro

Contrasting effects of wildfire and climate on radial growth of Pinus canariensis on windward and leeward slopes on Tenerife, Canary Islands

Little is known concerning the effects of wildfires on tree radial growth and their climatic response under contrasting regimes of fog water inputs on oceanic islands. On Tenerife, Canary Islands, windward slopes are humid with high-fog frequency due to influence of wet trade winds, while climate on leeward slopes is more arid. We used tree-ring records of Pinus canariensis Sweet ex Spreng. to quantify the effects of a fire of known date on radial growth and determine the main limiting climatic factors for growth. Radial growth patterns and their responsiveness to fire severity and climatic variation differed between windward and leeward slopes. Surface fire did not significantly impact growth, while crown fire caused short-term growth reduction, and even cessation, more pronounced on the windward slope. Growth rates, tree-ring common signal, and climate sensitivity were smaller on the windward slope, with cold winters, and summer water stress limiting growth. On the leeward slope, climate explained a greater amount of growth variation mainly due to negative effects of high October-December sea-level pressures causing dry winter conditions. Contrasting growth dynamics on both slopes may result from diverging physiological effects of water inputs and reduced radiation caused by fog drip. Our findings suggest that dating growth suppressions and absent rings are useful to date past high-severity crown fires in P. canariensis forests, in addition to ordinary fire scars dating indicative of low-severity surface fires. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.This research was partially funded by Consellería de Innovación e Industria, Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06PXIB502262PR) and INIA, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTA2006-00117).Peer Reviewe

Effects of thinning intensity on radial growth patterns and temperature sensitivity in Pinus canariensis afforestations on Tenerife Island, Spain

•Context The suitability of thinning to prevent forest growth decline as a result of global warming has not been tested extensively in Macaronesian Canary pine (Pinus canariensis Sweet ex Spreng.). • Aims This study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) are tree growth patterns modified by the aspect and thinning intensity? (2) Is sensitivity to climate modulated by thinning? (3) Do trees of different crown classes respond differentially to thinning intensity and climate? •Methods We used tree-ring series from dominant, codominant, and overtopped trees to study the effects of thinning intensity on basal area increments (BAI) and climate sensitivity on windward (wet) and leeward (dry) slopes on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Three replicated blocks of control, light thinning, and heavy thinning stands were set on each slope in 1988, and cores were extracted in 2007. • Results Heavy thinning induced growth release and increased BAI, mainly on dominant and codominant trees, whereas light thinning effects were negligible; their impacts were more intense on the windward side. Temperature sensitivity was hardly affected by thinning on leeward, where climate control was stronger. On windward, thinning enhanced the influence of summer temperatures. Upper crown classes were more sensitive overall, but overtopped trees responded better in summer. Thinning intensity and aspect greatly influence growth on Canary pine afforestations, but individual responses are highly dependent on crown classes. In addition, thinning may be less effective to modify growth conditions on leeward slopes, at least if not intense. © INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.This research was partially funded by Consellería de Innovación e Industria, Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT06PXIB502262PR) and INIA, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RTA2006-00117).Peer Reviewe

Impacts of wildfire intensity on Pinus canariensis tree-ring growth on Tenerife Island, Canary Islands, Spain

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 8ª International Conference on Dendrochronology celebrada en Rovaniemi (Finlandia) del 13 al 18 de Junio del 2010.Peer reviewe

Contrasting sensitivity of Pinus canariensis tree rings to local climate on north- and south-facing slopes on Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la 8ª International Conference on Dendrochronology celebrada en Rovaniemi (Finlandia) del 13 al 18 de Junio del 2010.Peer reviewe