Rate-control algorithms for non-embedded wavelet-based image coding

During the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in the design of very fast wavelet image encoders focused on specific applications like interactive real-time image and video systems, running on power-constrained devices such as digital cameras, mobile phones where coding delay and/or available computing resources (working memory and power processing) are critical for proper operation. In order to reduce complexity, most of these fast wavelet image encoders are non-(SNR)-embedded and as a consequence, precise rate control is not supported. In this work, we propose some simple rate control algorithms for these kind of encoders and we analyze their impact to determine if, despite their inclusion, the global encoder is still competitive with respect to popular embedded encoders like SPIHT and JPEG2000. In this study we focus on the non-embedded LTW encoder, showing that the increase in complexity due to the rate control algorithm inclusion, maintains LTW competitive with respect to SPIHT and JPEG2000 in terms of R/D performance, coding delay and memory consumption. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011This work was funded by Spanish Ministry of education and Science under grant DPI2007-66796-C03-03.Lopez Granado, OM.; Onofre Martinez-Rach, M.; Pinol Peral, P.; Oliver Gil, JS.; Perez Malumbres, MJ. (2012). Rate-control algorithms for non-embedded wavelet-based image coding. Journal of Signal Processing Systems. 68(2):203-216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-011-0598-6S203216682Antonini, M., Barlaud, M., Mathieu, P., & Daubechies, I. (1992). Image coding using wavelet transform. IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, 1(2), 205–220.Cho, Y., & Pearlman, W.A. (2007). Hierarchical dynamic range coding of wavelet subbands for fast and efficient image compression. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 16, 2005–2015.Chrysafis, C., Said, A., Drukarev, A., Islam, A., & Pearlman, W. (2000). SBHP—A low complexity wavelet coder. In IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing.CIPR: http://www.cipr.rpi.edu/resource/stills/kodak.html . Center for Image Processing Research.Davis, P. J. (1975) Interpolation and approximation. Dover Publications.Grottke, S., Richter, T., & Seiler, R. (2006). Apriori rate allocation in wavelet-based image compression. In Second international conference on automated production of cross media content for multi-channel distribution, 2006. AXMEDIS ’06 (pp. 329–336). doi: 10.1109/AXMEDIS.2006.12 .Guo, J., Mitra, S., Nutter, B., & Karp, T. (2006). Backward coding of wavelet trees with fine-grained bitrate control. Journal of Computers, 1(4), 1–7. doi: 10.4304/jcp.1.4.1-7 .ISO/IEC 10918-1/ITU-T Recommendation T.81 (1992). Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still image.ISO/IEC 15444-1 (2000). JPEG2000 image coding system.Kakadu, S. (2006). http://www.kakadusoftware.com .Kasner, J., Marcellin, M., & Hunt, B. (1999). Universal trellis coded quantization. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 8(12), 1677–1687. doi: 10.1109/83.806615 .Lancaster, P. (1986). Curve and surface fitting: An introduction. Academic Press.Oliver, J., & Malumbres, M. (2001). A new fast lower-tree wavelet image encoder. In Proceedings of international conference on image processing, 2001 (Vol. 3, pp. 780–783). doi: 10.1109/ICIP.2001.958236 .Oliver, J., & Malumbres, M. P. (2006). Low-complexity multiresolution image compression using wavelet lower trees. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 16(11), 1437–1444.Pearlman, W. A. (2001). Trends of tree-based, set partitioning compression techniques in still and moving image systems. In Picture coding symposium.Said, A., & Pearlman, A. (1996). A new, fast and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees. IEEE Transactions on Circuits, Systems and Video Technology, 6(3), 243–250.Table Curve 3D 3.0 (1998). http://www.systat.com. Systat Software Inc.Wu, X. (2001). The transform and data compression handbook, chap. Compression of wavelet transform coefficients, (pp. 347–378). CRC Press.Zhidkov, N., & Kobelkov, G. (1987). Numerical methods. Moscow: Nauka

MEP-2 programa de computador para manejo de praderas con bovinos en el trópico Colombiano I - desarrollo informático.

sumarios (En, Es)Se diseñó y desarrolló una herramienta informática (Manejo Experto de Praderas: MEP-2®) para simular el comportamiento de las gramíneas tropicales frente al pastoreo con bovinos y para establecer los períodos de uso y recuperación de las praderas, en función de la producción de biomasa comestible, su calidad y consumo por parte de los animales. Así mismo, MEP-2® incorpora variables de calidad del forraje y de distensión del rumen, de acuerdo con un modelo de simulación de consumo de materia seca (MS) simple y de fácil implementación. El sistema fue estructurado previamente en hoja de cálculo y posteriormente trasladado a Visual Basic 6T, la información de identificación de la finca, tipo de ganado, especies de pastos y sistema de pastoreo se almacenó en formato AccessT. El programa consta de seis ventanas que se abren secuencialmente una vez se diligencia la información solicitada: dos ventanas corresponden a la evaluación de la disponibilidad de forraje según el tipo de gramínea: erecta o postrada. Otras dos ventanas registran información de la finca y las praderas con sus características individuales. De las dos ventanas finales, una corresponde a los resultados de la simulación y la otra a su interpretación, además de algunas recomendaciones generales. El propósito de la herramienta es proporcionar a ganaderos y asistentes técnicos un sistema objetivo para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de las praderas contribuyendo de esta manera a su sostenibilidad y a una mayor eficiencia de los animales.Ganadería bovin

MEP-2 programa de computador para manejo de praderas con bovinos en el trópico Colombiano. II - evaluación en el campo del programa.

"sumarios (En, Es)Se evaluó un programa de computador diseñado para predecir la utilización de praderas con bovinos bajo diferentes sistemas de pastoreo en distintos escenarios y regiones de Colombia y se compararon las predicciones de disponibilidad de biomasa, tiempos de pastoreo y de recuperación contra los datos observados en cada una de las fincas. Se incluyeron una finca en el Valle del Cesar con vacas doble propósito secas bajo pastoreo rotacional en praderas de pasto Guinea, una finca en el Piedemonte del Meta con novillos de ceba bajo pastoreo alterno de Brachiaria decumbens, una finca en el Magdalena Medio santandereano con novillos de ceba en pastoreo rotacional de Brachiaria humidícola y una finca en la Sabana de Bogotá con vacas de ordeño bajo pastoreo de Kikuyo-Ryegrass en franjas de un día. En cada una de las fincas se evaluaron dos rotaciones completas en cada época climática (sequía, lluvias). El análisis de las predicciones contra las observaciones en las variables días de ocupación, descanso y disponibilidad de forraje, se realizó mediante una comparación de medias con prueba de ""t"" (a de 5 por ciento). El consumo animal de MS predicho por el programa se analizó en relación con variables de calidad del forraje: proteína cruda, digestibilidad y Fibra en Detergente Neutro, mediante regresión lineal simple, encontrándose una correlación media para las tres variables con el consumo. Se concluye que el programa de simulación ayuda a la toma de decisiones sobre manejo de praderas, con mayor precisión durante la época de lluvias, mientras que para la época seca, los resultados deben tomarse con precaución realizando una evaluación o aforo de las praderas cuidadosa."Ganado de leche-Ganadería lech

Lethal iron deprivation induced by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting transferrin receptor 1 in malignant B cells

A number of antibodies have been developed that induce lethal iron deprivation (LID) by targeting the transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71) and either neutralizing transferrin (Tf) binding, blocking internalization of the receptor and/or inducing its degradation. We have developed recombinant antibodies targeting human TfR1 (ch128.1 and ch128.1Av), which induce receptor degradation and are cytotoxic to certain malignant B-cells. We now show that internalization of TfR1 bound to these antibodies can lead to its sequestration and degradation, as well as reduced Tf uptake, and the induction of a transcriptional response consistent with iron deprivation, which is mediated in part by downstream targets of p53. Cells resistant to these antibodies do not sequester and degrade TfR1 after internalization of the antibody/receptor complex, and accordingly maintain their ability to internalize Tf. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and clinical use of therapeutic agents targeting iron import via TfR1 in hematopoietic malignancies.Fil: Rodríguez, José A.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Luria Pérez, Rosendo. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados Unidos. Hospital infantil de México “Federico Gómez”; MéxicoFil: López Valdés, Héctor E.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Casero, David. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Daniels, Tracy R.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Patel, Shabnum. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Avila, David. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Leuchter, Richard. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: So, Sokuntheavy. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Ortiz Sánchez, Elizabeth. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Bonavida, Benjamin. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez Maza, Otoniel. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Charles, Andrew C.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Pellegrini, Matteo. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados UnidosFil: Helguera, Gustavo Fernando. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Penichet, Manuel L.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados Unido

Visualization and quantification of cytotoxicity mediated by antibodies using imaging flow cytometry

Conventional approaches for the detection of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity rely on quantification of the release of traceable compounds from target cells or flow cytometry analysis of population-wide phenomena. We report a new method for the direct imaging and quantification of ADCC of cancer cells. The proposed method using imaging flow cytometry combines the statistical power of flow cytometry with the analytical advantages of cell imaging, providing a novel and more comprehensive perspective of effector/target cell interactions during ADCC events. With this method we can quantify and show in detail the morphological changes in target and effector cells, their apoptotic index, the physical interaction between effector and target cells, and a directional transfer of cytosolic contents from effector to target cells. As a model system we used the therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab to target CFSE labeled Ramos human Burkitt's lymphoma cells, to CMTPX-labeled human monocytic U-937 effector cells. We expect that similar studies using different effector and target cell populations may contribute to the pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutic antibodies and help to identify mechanisms that could be beneficial in the immunotherapy of cancer.Fil: Helguera, Gustavo Fernando. University of California; Estados Unidos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, José A.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Luria Pérez, Rosendo. University of California; Estados Unidos. Hospital infantil de México “Federico Gómez”; MéxicoFil: Henery, Shannon. Amnis Corporation; Estados UnidosFil: Catterton, Paul. Amnis Corporation; Estados UnidosFil: Bregni, Carlos . Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica; ArgentinaFil: George, Thaddeus C.. Amnis Corporation; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez Maza, Otoniel. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Penichet, Manuel L.. University of California; Estados Unido

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Intubation Practices and Adverse Peri-intubation Events in Critically Ill Patients from 29 Countries

Importance: Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events. Objective: To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients. Design, Setting, and Participants: The International Observational Study to Understand the Impact and Best Practices of Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients (INTUBE) study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving consecutive critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs), emergency departments, and wards, from October 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019 (August 28, 2019, was the final follow-up) in a convenience sample of 197 sites from 29 countries across 5 continents. Exposures: Tracheal intubation. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse peri-intubation events defined as at least 1 of the following events occurring within 30 minutes from the start of the intubation procedure: cardiovascular instability (either: systolic pressure <65 mm Hg at least once, <90 mm Hg for >30 minutes, new or increase need of vasopressors or fluid bolus >15 mL/kg), severe hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation <80%) or cardiac arrest. The secondary outcomes included intensive care unit mortality. Results: Of 3659 patients screened, 2964 (median age, 63 years; interquartile range [IQR], 49-74 years; 62.6% men) from 197 sites across 5 continents were included. The main reason for intubation was respiratory failure in 52.3% of patients, followed by neurological impairment in 30.5%, and cardiovascular instability in 9.4%. Primary outcome data were available for all patients. Among the study patients, 45.2% experienced at least 1 major adverse peri-intubation event. The predominant event was cardiovascular instability, observed in 42.6% of all patients undergoing emergency intubation, followed by severe hypoxemia (9.3%) and cardiac arrest (3.1%). Overall ICU mortality was 32.8%. Conclusions and Relevance: In this observational study of intubation practices in critically ill patients from a convenience sample of 197 sites across 29 countries, major adverse peri-intubation events - in particular cardiovascular instability - were observed frequently