RECLAMO: virtual and collaborative honeynets based on trust management and autonomous systems applied to intrusion management

Security intrusions in large systems is a problem due to its lack of scalability with the current IDS-based approaches. This paper describes the RECLAMO project, where an architecture for an Automated Intrusion Response System (AIRS) is being proposed. This system will infer the most appropriate response for a given attack, taking into account the attack type, context information, and the trust and reputation of the reporting IDSs. RECLAMO is proposing a novel approach: diverting the attack to a specific honeynet that has been dynamically built based on the attack information. Among all components forming the RECLAMO's architecture, this paper is mainly focused on defining a trust and reputation management model, essential to recognize if IDSs are exposing an honest behavior in order to accept their alerts as true. Experimental results confirm that our model helps to encourage or discourage the launch of the automatic reaction process

Conduits based on the combination of hyaluronic acid and silk fibroin: Characterization, in vitro studies and in vivo biocompatibility

[EN] We address the production of structures intended as conduits made from natural biopolymers, capable of promoting the regeneration of axonal tracts. We combine hyaluronic acid (HA) and silk fibroin (SF) with the aim of improving mechanical and biological properties of HA. The results show that SF can be efficiently incorporated into the production process, obtaining conduits with tubular structure with a matrix of HA-SF blend. HA-SF has better mechanical properties than sole HA, which is a very soft hydrogel, facilitating manipulation. Culture of rat Schwann cells shows that cell adhesion and proliferation are higher than in pure HA, maybe due to the binding motifs contributed by the SF protein. This increased proliferation accelerates the formation of a tight cell layer, which covers the inner channel surface of the HA-SF tubes. Biocompatibility of the scaffolds was studied in immunocompetent mice. Both HA and HA-SF scaffolds were accepted by the host with no residual immune response at 8 weeks. New collagen extracellular matrix and new blood vessels were visible and they were present earlier when SF was present. The results show that incorporation of SF enhances the mechanical properties of the materials and results in promising biocompatible conduits for tubulization strategies.The authors acknowledge financing from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through grants RTI2018-095872-B-C22/ERDF, DPI2015-72863-EXP, MAT2016-79832-R, MAT2016-76847-R and Community of Madrid through grant Neurocentro-B2017/BMD-3760. FGR acknowledges scholarship FPU16/01833 of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. We thank the Electron Microscopy Service at the UPV, where the FESEM images were obtainedGisbert-Roca, F.; Lozano Picazo, P.; Pérez-Rigueiro, J.; Guinea Tortuero, GV.; Monleón Pradas, M.; Martínez-Ramos, C. (2020). 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Cardiac repair achieved by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid patches in a rat of myocardial infarction model. Biomaterials, 33(22), 5541-5551. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.030Yang, M.-C., Chi, N.-H., Chou, N.-K., Huang, Y.-Y., Chung, T.-W., Chang, Y.-L., … Wang, S.-S. (2010). The influence of rat mesenchymal stem cell CD44 surface markers on cell growth, fibronectin expression, and cardiomyogenic differentiation on silk fibroin – Hyaluronic acid cardiac patches. Biomaterials, 31(5), 854-862. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.09.096Zhou, J., Zhang, B., Liu, X., Shi, L., Zhu, J., Wei, D., … He, D. (2016). Facile method to prepare silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid films for vascular endothelial growth factor release. Carbohydrate Polymers, 143, 301-309. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.023Yan, S., Li, M., Zhang, Q., & Wang, J. (2013). Blend films based on silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid. 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Silk-based biomaterials for sustained drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release, 190, 381-397. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.059Bettinger, C. J., Cyr, K. M., Matsumoto, A., Langer, R., Borenstein, J. T., & Kaplan, D. L. (2007). Silk Fibroin Microfluidic Devices. Advanced Materials, 19(19), 2847-2850. doi:10.1002/adma.200602487Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., … Cardona, A. (2012). Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nature Methods, 9(7), 676-682. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019Taddei, P., Pavoni, E., & Tsukada, M. (2016). Stability toward alkaline hydrolysis ofB.morisilk fibroin grafted with methacrylamide. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 47(6), 731-739. doi:10.1002/jrs.4892Perea, G. B., Solanas, C., Marí-Buyé, N., Madurga, R., Agulló-Rueda, F., Muinelo, A., … Pérez-Rigueiro, J. (2016). The apparent variability of silkworm ( Bombyx mori ) silk and its relationship with degumming. 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Identificación inicial de genes en Babesia bigemina mediante análisis de Etiquetas de Secuencia Expresadas en el estadio intraeritrocítico del parásito

In this study, Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) were obtained and analyzed from 2208 randomly selected clones containing plasmids with cDNA inserts derived from a Babesia bigemina library. The obtained sequences were extracted and subject to Blast homology search in the Genbank databases. Sequence homology analysis resulted in the identification of 470 clones (grouped in 267 distinct clusters) which contained EST with no significant sequence identity with Babesia sp genes or other Apicomplexan parasites. Presumably, these EST would correspond either to new, unreported B. bigemina transcribed genes present in the erythrocyte stages of the parasite, or to non-translated sequences of the putative genes. 21 clones were identified which contained EST corresponding to 6 genes coding for B. bigemina antigens already reported in the literature; 1285 clones (grouped in 159 clusters of distinct sequences) had significant sequence identity with genes coding for hypothetical proteins previously identified in the Babesia bovis genome. Moreover, 32 clones had EST corresponding to 16 different Theileria sp. genes; 51 clones (26 distinct sequences) showed EST with sequence similarity to genes of Plasmodium sp., 25 EST had low identity with 13 different Toxoplasma gondii genes; and 4 clones with EST for 4 different Cryptosporidium sp genes. The results obtained, in addition to EST analysis of a larger number of B. bigemina cDNA clones, will allow the characterization and, eventually, the manipulation of gene coding regions, essential for the establishment of improved control strategies for cattle babesiosis caused by B. bigemina.En este estudio se realizó el análisis de Etiquetas de Secuencias Expresadas (EST) obtenidas a partir de 2208 clonas de Escherichia coli, con plásmidos recombinantes conteniendo insertos de cDNA de Babesia bigemina. Las secuencias se analizaron mediante búsqueda de homología en las bases de datos de genes. El análisis de homología en secuencia permitió identificar 470 clonas (agrupadas en 267 clusters) conteniendo EST con similitud de secuencia estadísticamente no significativa con algún gen de Babesia spp o de otro organismo Apicomplexa, sugiriendo la presencia de genes nuevos de B. bigemina; Se identificaron 21 clonas con EST correspondientes a 6 secuencias de genes previamente reportados para B. bigemina; además de 1285 clonas (conformando 159 clusters de genes distintos) de identidad significativa con proteínas hipotéticas o correspondientes a genes ya reportados en el genoma secuenciado de Babesia bovis; 32 clonas con EST homólogas a 16 genes distintos de Theileria spp; 51 clonas (26 genes distintos) con similitud en secuencia a genes de Plasmodium spp; 25 clonas con EST de moderada similitud con 13 genes distintos genes de Toxoplasma gondii; y 4 clonas con EST de mayor identidad con 4 genes diferentes de Cryptosporidium spp. Los resultados obtenidos permiten elaborar una base de datos sobre EST del estadio intraeritrocítico de Babesia bigemina, información básica esencial para la caracterización molecular del parásito, que permite llevar a cabo la identificación y regulación de nuevas regiones génicas codificadoras y, eventualmente el establecimiento de nuevas estrategias de control de la babesiosis bovina causada por B. bigemina

Brood parasitism is associated with increased bacterial contamination of host eggs: bacterial loads of host and parasitic eggs

Factors related to bacterial environment of nests are of primary interest for understanding the causes of embryo infection and the evolution of antimicrobial defensive traits in birds. Nest visitors such as parasites could act as vectors for bacteria and/or affect the hygienic conditions of nests and hence influence the nest bacterial environment. In the present study, we explored some predictions of this hypothetical scenario in the great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius)-magpie (Pica pica) system of brood parasitism. Great spotted cuckoos visit the nests of their magpie hosts and frequently damage some of the host eggs when laying eggs or on subsequent visits. Therefore, it represents a good system for testing the effect of nest visitors on the bacterial environment of nests. In accordance with this hypothesis, we found that the bacterial load of magpie eggshells was greater in parasitized nests, which may suggest that brood parasitism increases the probability of bacterial infection of magpie eggs. Moreover, comparisons of bacterial loads of cuckoo and magpie eggs revealed that: (1) cuckoo eggshells harboured lower bacterial densities than those of their magpie hosts in the same nests and (2) the prevalence of bacteria inside unhatched eggs was higher for magpies than for great spotted cuckoos. These interspecific differences were predicted because brood parasitic eggs (but not host eggs) always experience the bacterial environments of parasitized nests. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study suggest that parasitic eggs are better adapted to environments with a high risk of bacterial contamination than those of their magpie hosts

Dental crowding: a review

Dental crowding is a frequent characteristic of dental malocclusion and is the reduction in the perimeter of the arch that can manifest as space closure, rotation and/or movement of the teeth. The temporary dentition is important as it guides the eruption of the permanent teeth, thus establishing the ideal occlusion; the lack of spaces can cause disproportionate sizes between the jaws and the permanent teeth. Treatment options include the orthopedic phase and orthodontic phase in which the extraction of teeth may or may not be necessary. Timely treatment with personalized planning helps us achieve correct dental occlusion, which is essential for good chewing and correct passage of the bolus, in addition to playing an important role for phonation and the aesthetic results for the patient.

Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises

Abstract: Underwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists, and results are often tentative or qualitative. A monitoring methodology for the behavioral response of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) when exposed to ship and wind turbine operational noises was implemented and tested in a fixed commercial tuna feeding cage in the Mediterranean sea. Fish behavior was continuously monitored, combining synchronized echosounder and video recording systems. Automatic information extracted from acoustical echograms was used to describe tuna reaction to noise in terms of average depth and vertical dimensions of the school and the indicators of swimming speed and tilt direction. Video recordings allowed us to detect changes in swimming patterns. Different kinds of stimuli were considered during bluefin tuna cage monitoring, such as noise generated by feeding boats, wind farm operational noise, and other synthetic signals projected in the medium using a broadband underwater projector. The monitoring system design was revealed as a successful methodological approach to record and quantify reactions to noise. The obtained results suggested that the observed reactions presented a strong relationship with insonification pressure level and time. Behavioral changes associated with noise are difficult to observe, especially in semi-free conditions; thus, the presented approach offered the opportunity to link anthropogenic activity with possible effects on a given marine species, suggesting the possibility of achieving a more realistic framework to assess the impacts of underwater noise on marine animals.Versión del edito

Olfactomedin‑like 2 A and B (OLFML2A and OLFML2B) expression profile in primates (human and baboon)

Background: The olfactomedin‑like domain (OLFML) is present in at least four families of proteins, including OLFML2A and OLFML2B, which are expressed in adult rat retina cells. However, no expression of their orthologous has ever been reported in human and baboon. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of OLFML2A and OLFML2B in ocular tissues of baboons (Papio hamadryas) and humans, as a key to elucidate OLFML function in eye physiology. Methods: OLFML2A and OLFML2B cDNA detection in ocular tissues of these species was performed by RT‑PCR. The amplicons were cloned and sequenced, phylogenetically analyzed and their proteins products were confirmed by immunofluorescence assays. Results: OLFML2A and OLFML2B transcripts were found in human cornea, lens and retina and in baboon cornea, lens, iris and retina. The baboon OLFML2A and OLFML2B ORF sequences have 96% similarity with their human’s orthologous. OLFML2A and OLFML2B evolution fits the hypothesis of purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis shows clear orthology in OLFML2A genes, while OLFML2B orthology is not clear. Conclusions: Expression of OLFML2A and OLFML2B in human and baboon ocular tissues, including their high simi‑ larity, make the baboon a powerful model to deduce the physiological and/or metabolic function of these proteins in the eye

HLA association with the susceptibility to anti-synthetase syndrome

Objective To investigate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD). Methods We conducted the largest immunogenetic HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B study to date in a homogeneous cohort of 168 Caucasian patients with ASSD and 486 ethnically matched healthy controls by sequencing-based-typing. Results A statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-B*08:01 alleles in patients with ASSD compared to healthy controls was disclosed (26.2% versus 12.2%, P = 1.56E?09, odds ratio?OR [95% confidence interval?CI] = 2.54 [1.84?3.50] and 21.4% versus 5.5%, P = 18.95E?18, OR [95% CI] = 4.73 [3.18?7.05]; respectively). Additionally, HLA-DRB1*07:01 allele was significantly decreased in patients with ASSD compared to controls (9.2% versus 17.5%, P = 0.0003, OR [95% CI] = 0.48 [0.31?0.72]). Moreover, a statistically significant increase of HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele in anti-Jo-1 positive compared to anti-Jo-1 negative patients with ASSD was observed (31.8% versus 15.5%, P = 0.001, OR [95% CI] = 2.54 [1.39?4.81]). Similar findings were observed when HLA carrier frequencies were assessed. The HLA-DRB1*03:01 association with anti-Jo-1 was unrelated to smoking history. No HLA differences in patients with ASSD stratified according to the presence/absence of the most representative non-anti-Jo-1 anti-synthetase autoantibodies (anti-PL-12 and anti-PL-7), arthritis, myositis or interstitial lung disease were observed. Conclusions Our results support the association of the HLA complex with the susceptibility to ASS

Efecto del bioproducto CBQ-AgroG® sobre la respuesta morfofisiológica y agronómica de frijol común cultivar ‘CIAP 7247'

The lack of chemical fertilizers has stimulated the use of alternatives to increase plant growth and production such as the use of bioproducts. The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of microbial origin CBQ-AgroG® bioproduct on the physiological and agronomic response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar 'CIAP-7247'. Seeds with basic category were used and three doses of the CBQ-AgroG® bioproduct (10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 l ha-1) were used and compared with an absolute control and a relative control (Fitomas E, 2.0%). The height, number of leaves per plant, fresh mass, dry mass and leaf area were evaluated. In addition, the agricultural yield and its components were estimated. Plants increased height up to 45 days after sowing. The maximum values of the morphophysiological variables number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry mass were reached 45 days after sowing. Subsequently, they decreased until reaching physiological maturity. With the doses of 20.0 and 30.0 l ha-1, all the morphophysiological and agronomic indicators reached significantly higher values with respect to the rest of the treatments. The first dose is recommended as it is cheaper.La carencia de fertilizantes químicos ha estimulado el uso de alternativas para incrementar el crecimiento vegetal y la producción como el uso de bioproductos. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del bioproducto de origen microbiano CBQ-AgroG® sobre la respuesta fisiológica y agronómica de Phaseolus vulgaris L. cultivar ‘CIAP-7247´. Se utilizaron semillas con categoría básica y se emplearon tres dosis del bioproducto CBQ-AgroG® (10.0, 20.0 y 30.0 l ha-1) y se compararon con un control absoluto y un control relativo (Fitomas E, 2.0%). Se evaluó la altura, número de hojas por planta, masa fresca, masa seca y área foliar. Además, se estimó el rendimiento agrícola y sus componentes. Las plantas incrementaron la altura hasta los 45 días después de la siembra. Los máximos valores de la variables morfofisiológicas número de hojas, área foliar, masa fresca y seca se alcanzaron a los 45 días después de la siembra. Posteriormente decrecieron hasta alcanzar la madurez fisiológica. Con las dosis de 20.0 y 30.0 l ha-1 todos los indicadores morfofisiológicos y agronómicos alcanzaron valores significativamente superiores con respecto al resto de los tratamientos. Se recomienda la primera dosis por ser más económica

Ecosystem services of tropical dry forests : insights from longterm ecological and social research on the Pacific coast of Mexico

In the search for an integrated understanding of the relationships among productive activities, human well-being, and ecosystem functioning, we evaluated the services delivered by a tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem in the Chamela Region, on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. We synthesized information gathered for the past two decades as part of a long-term ecosystem research study and included social data collected in the past four years using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) conceptual framework as a guide. Here we identify the four nested spatial scales at which information has been obtained and emphasize one of them through a basin conceptual model. We then articulate the biophysical and socio-economic constraints and drivers determining the delivery of ecosystem services in the Region. We describe the nine most important services, the stakeholders who benefit from those services, and their degree of awareness of such services. We characterize spatial and temporal patterns of the services&rsquo; delivery as well as trade-offs among services and stakeholders. Finally, we contrast three alternative future scenarios on the delivery of ecosystem services and human well-being. Biophysical and socioeconomic features of the study site strongly influence human&minus;ecosystem interactions, the ecosystem services delivered, the possible future trajectories of the ecosystem, and the effect on human well-being. We discuss future research approaches that will set the basis for an integrated understanding of human&minus;ecosystem interactions and for constructing sustainable management strategies for the TDF.<br /