The mathematical stability study for the system of the CoO(OH) – overoxidized polypyrrole composite synthesis in the presence of fluor ions

The potentiostatic synthesis of CoO(OH) – Overoxidized polypyrrole composite in the presence of fluor ions has been investigated mathematically. The corresponding mathematical model was described and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The steady-state stability requirements, like also oscillatory and monotonic instability conditions are derived.Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 16 (42), 2015, 13-1

Electrochemical Study of Interaction between Imidazole-Based-Ionic-Liquid and Light Petroleum in Oil/Water Emulsion

In the present work, the binding capacity of a 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium p-toluenesulfonate ionic liquid to Aragon light oil within a 70/30 oil/water emulsion was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The imidazole-based ionic liquid was synthesized by anion interchange reaction. Its chemical structure was confirmed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Its Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) in water was determined by Conductimetry, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry. The ionic-liquid-to-oil binding-constant and binding-free-energy were determined from the dependence of the voltammogram anodic-peak-current with the ionic liquid concentration in the emulsion. The diffusion coefficient of the free and bound forms of the oil within the emulsion were determined from the Randles-Sevcik equation. The measurements led to a CMC value of approximately 152 mg/L and a binding constant of 0.98x104 M-1, corresponding to a binding free energy of -22.78 KJ/mol. The negative value of the latter confirmed the ionic liquid spontaneously binds to the oil phase. The oil-droplets diffusion coefficient showed a 2.5-fold increase (up to 4.631x10-7 cm2/s) due to incorporation of the ionic liquid molecules. The information gathered can be helpful to design more efficient remediation processes of oil-contaminated water, as well as to improve the design of ionic liquid molecules, and to study their interaction with different oil components

THE MATHEMATICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE MECHANISM OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OVER CoO(OH) IN ALKALINE SOLUTION

The mechanism for the electrochemical oxidation of phenolic compounds over cobalt(III)oxyhydroxide was suggested and mathematically analyzed, by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The influence of pH on steady-state stability and reaction control has been investigated

Inelastic light scattering spectroscopy of semiconductor nitride nanocolumns

A review of inelastic light scattering measurements on group III-nitride nanocolumns grown by molecular beam epitaxy is presented. The nanocolumns are hexagonal, high quality single crystals with diameters in the range of 20 to 100 nm, with no traces of extended defects. GaN nanocolumns grown on bare Si substrates with both (111) and (100) orientation display narrow phonon peaks, indicating the absence of strain inhomogeneities. This opens the possibility of efficient integration of the nanocolumns as optoelectronic devices with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Measurements of the E 2 phonon frequency on AlGaN nanocolumns indicate a linear dependence of the Al concentration on the Al relative flux, up to 60%. The E2 peak width increases with Al content due to phonon damping by alloy scattering. Inelastic light scattering measurements in InN nanocolumns display a coupled LO phonon-plasmon mode together with uncoupled phonons. The coupled mode is not observed in a reference compact sample. The origin of the coupled mode is attributed to spontaneous accumulation of electrons at the lateral surfaces of the nanocolumns. The presence of free electrons in the nanocolumns is confirmed by infrared reflectance measurements. © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Peer Reviewe

On the molecular gas content and SFR in Hickson compact groups: enhanced or deficient?

Aims. We study the effect of the extreme environment in Hickson compact groups (HCGs) on the molecular gas mass, MH2, and the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies as a function of atomic hydrogen (HI) content and evolutionary phase of the group.Methods. We selected a redshift-limited (D < 100 Mpc) sample of 88 galaxies in 20 HCGs with available atomic hydrogen (HI) VLA maps, covering a wide range of HI deficiencies and evolutionary phases of the groups and containing at least one spiral galaxy. We observed the CO(1–0) and CO(2–1) lines with the IRAM 30 m telescope for 47 galaxies. Together with literature data, our sample contains CO(1–0) spectra for 86 galaxies. We derived the far-infrared (FIR) luminosity (LFIR) from IRAS data and used it as a tracer of the SFR. We calculated the HI mass (MHI), LFIR, and MH2 deficiencies, based on the values expected from LB and LK in isolated galaxies from the AMIGA sample. We limited our statistical analysis to spiral galaxies, since the large number of upper limits did not allow drawing strong conclusions about MH2and LFIR in early-type galaxies.Results. The mean deficiencies of LFIR and MH2 of spiral galaxies in HCGs are close to 0, indicating that their average SFR and molecular gas content are similar to those of isolated galaxies. However, there are indications of an excess of MH2 (~50%) in spiral galaxies in HCGs, which can be interpreted, assuming that there is no systematic difference in the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, as either an enhanced molecular gas content or as a higher concentration of the molecular component towards the center in comparison to galaxies in lower density environments. In contrast, the mean MHI of spiral galaxies in HCGs is only 12% of the expected value. The specific SFR (sSFR = SFR/stellar mass) tends to be lower for galaxies with higher MH2 or MHI deficiency. This trend is not seen for the star formation efficiency (SFE = SFR/MH2), which is very similar to isolated galaxies. We found tentative indications of an enhancement of MH2 in spiral galaxies in HCGs in an early evolutionary phase and a decrease in later phases. We suggest that this might be due to an enhancement of the conversion from atomic to molecular gas due to ongoing tidal interactions in an early evolutionary phase, followed by HI stripping and a decrease in the molecular gas content because of lack of replenishment.Conclusions. The properties of MH2 and LFIR in galaxies in HCGs are surprisingly similar to those of isolated galaxies, in spite of the much higher Def(MHI) of the former. The trends of the sSFR and Def(MH2) with Def(MHI) and the evolutionary state indicate, however, that the ongoing interaction might have some effect on the molecular gas and SF

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey IV. Third public data release

This paper describes the Third Public Data Release (DR3) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. Science-grade quality data for 667 galaxies are made public, including the 200 galaxies of the Second Public Data Release (DR2). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. Three different spectral setups are available: i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745–7500 Å (4240-7140 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM) for 646 galaxies, ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650–4840 Å (3650-4620 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM) for 484 galaxies, and iii) the combination of the cubes from both setups (called COMBO) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å and a wavelength range between 3700-7500 Å (3700-7140 Å unvignetted) for 446 galaxies. The Main Sample, selected and observed according to the CALIFA survey strategy covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, spans the color-magnitude diagram and probes a wide range of stellar masses, ionization conditions, and morphological types. The Extension Sample covers several types of galaxies that are rare in the overall galaxy population and are therefore not numerous or absent in the CALIFA Main Sample. All the cubes in the data release were processed using the latest pipeline, which includes improved versions of the calibration frames and an even further improved image reconstruction quality. In total, the third data release contains 1576 datacubes, including ∼1.5 million independent spectra. It is available at http://califa.caha.es/DR3.CALIFA is the first legacy survey being performed at Calar Alto. The CALIFA collaboration would like to thank the IAA-CSIC and MPIAMPG as major partners of the observatory, and CAHA itself, for the unique access to telescope time and support in manpower and infrastructures. The CALIFA collaboration thanks also the CAHA staff for the dedication to this project. We thank the anonymous referee for his/her help in improving this article. SFS thanks the director of CEFCA, M. Moles, for his sincere support to this project. SFS thanks the CONACYT-125180 and DGAPA-IA100815 projects for providing him support in this study. RGB, RGD, and EP are supported by grants AYA2014-57490-P and JA-FQM-2828. SZ is supported by the EU Marie Curie Integration Grant “SteMaGE” Nr. PCIG12-GA-2012-326466 (Call Identifier: FP7-PEOPLE-2012 CIG). J. F-B. from grant AYA2013-48226-C3-1-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), as well as from the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission, via the Initial Training Network DAGAL under REA grant agreement number 289313 B.G-L- acknowledges financial support by the Spanish MINECO under grants AYA2013- 41656-P and AYA2015-68217-P Support for L.G. is provided by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism’s Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC12009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. L.G. also acknowledges support by CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3140566. and AYA2013-42227-P from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and TIC 114 and PO08-TIC-3531 from Junta de Andalucía. AG acknowledges support from the FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n. 267251 (AstroFIt). RAM was funded by the Spanish programme of International Campus of Excellence Moncloa (CEI). JMA acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). IM and AdO acknowledge the support by the projects AYA2010-15196 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and TIC 114 and PO08-TIC-3531 from Junta de Andalucía. AMI acknowledges support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche through the STILISM project (ANR-12-BS05-0016-02). MM acknowledges financial support from AYA2010-21887-C04-02 from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. PSB acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal program, grant ATA2010-21322-C03-02 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). CJW acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 303912. VW acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDMorph P.I. V. Wild) and European Career Re-integration Grant (Phiz-Ev P.I. V. Wild). YA acknowledges financial support from the Ramón y Cajal programme (RyC-2011-09461) and project AYA2013-47742-C4-3-P, both managed by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, as well as the ‘Study of Emission-Line Galaxies with Integral-Field Spectroscopy’ (SELGIFS) programme, funded by the EU (FP7-PEOPLE-2013- IRSES-612701) within the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Actions scheme. ROM acknowledges support from CAPES (Brazil) through a PDJ fellowship from project 88881.030413/2013-01, program CSF-PVE.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from EDP Sciences via http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/20162866

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey:IV. Third public data release

This paper describes the third public data release (DR3) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. Science-grade quality data for 667 galaxies are made public, including the 200 galaxies of the second public data release (DR2). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. Three different spectral setups are available: i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 Å (4240-7140 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM) for 646 galaxies, ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 Å (3650-4620 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM) for 484 galaxies, and iii) the combination of the cubes from both setups (called COMBO) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å and a wavelength range between 3700-7500 Å (3700-7140 Å unvignetted) for 446 galaxies. The Main Sample, selected and observed according to the CALIFA survey strategy covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, spans the color-magnitude diagram and probes a wide range of stellar masses, ionization conditions, and morphological types. The Extension Sample covers several types of galaxies that are rare in the overall galaxy population and are therefore not numerous or absent in the CALIFA Main Sample. All the cubes in the data release were processed using the latest pipeline, which includes improved versions of the calibration frames and an even further improved image reconstruction quality. In total, the third data release contains 1576 datacubes, including ~1.5 million independent spectra. Based on observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA) and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC).The spectra are available at http://califa.caha.es/DR