Spatial and temporal analysis of extreme sea level and storm surge events around the coastline of the UK

In this paper we analyse the spatial footprint and temporal clustering of extreme sea level and skew surge events around the UK coast over the last 100 years (1915-2014). The vast majority of the extreme sea level events are generated by moderate, rather than extreme skew surges, combined with spring astronomical high tides. We distinguish four broad categories of spatial footprints of events and the distinct storm tracks that generated them. There have been rare events when extreme levels have occurred along two unconnected coastal regions during the same storm. The events that occur in closest succession (< 4 days) typically impact different stretches of coastline. The spring/neap tidal cycle prevents successive extreme sea level events from happening within 4-8 days. Finally, the 2013/14 season was highly unusual in the context of the last 100 years from an extreme sea level perspective

Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Extreme Sea Level And Storm Surge Events Around The Coastline Of The Uk

In this paper we analyse the spatial footprint and temporal clustering of extreme sea level and skew surge events around the UK coast over the last 100 years (1915-2014). The vast majority of the extreme sea level events are generated by moderate, rather than extreme skew surges, combined with spring astronomical high tides. We distinguish four broad categories of spatial footprints of events and the distinct storm tracks that generated them. There have been rare events when extreme levels have occurred along two unconnected coastal regions during the same storm. The events that occur in closest succession (\u3c4 days) typically impact different stretches of coastline. The spring/neap tidal cycle prevents successive extreme sea level events from happening within 4-8 days. Finally, the 2013/14 season was highly unusual in the context of the last 100 years from an extreme sea level perspective

An Improved Database Of Coastal Flooding In The United Kingdom From 1915 To 2016

Coastal flooding caused by extreme sea levels can produce devastating and wide-ranging consequences. The \u27SurgeWatch\u27 v1.0 database systematically documents and assesses the consequences of historical coastal flood events around the UK. The original database was inevitably biased due to the inconsistent spatial and temporal coverage of sea-level observations utilised. Therefore, we present an improved version integrating a variety of \u27soft\u27 data such as journal papers, newspapers, weather reports, and social media. SurgeWatch2.0 identifies 329 coastal flooding events from 1915 to 2016, a more than fivefold increase compared to the 59 events in v1.0. Moreover, each flood event is now ranked using a multi-level categorisation based on inundation, transport disruption, costs, and fatalities: from 1 (Nuisance) to 6 (Disaster). For the 53 most severe events ranked Category 3 and above, an accompanying event description based upon the Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence framework was produced. Thus, SurgeWatch v2.0 provides the most comprehensive and coherent historical record of UK coastal flooding. It is designed to be a resource for research, planning, management and education

High-frequency sea level variations and implications for coastal flooding: A case study of the Solent, UK

This study examines the occurrence and characteristics of high-frequency (&lt;6 h) sea level variations in the Solent, UK – a mesotidal estuarine strait located in the central English Channel. A 14-year time series (2000–2013) of sea level observations sampled at 15-min intervals from the Southampton tide gauge was analyzed. The 8 highest-energy events have a mean amplitude of approximately 0.6 m and a dominant period of around 4 h. These events correspond with periods of enhanced meteorological activity, namely a marked reduction in air pressure and onset of strong southwesterly-southeasterly winds. Sea level observations from tide gauges around the Solent and the wider English Channel region (23 in total) were used to assess the spatial characteristics of these events. Analysis of time series and phase information indicates the occurrence of standing waves oscillating across the English Channel between southern England and northern France. This study provides a unique example of standing waves generated by extra-tropical cyclones over a large basin (the English Channel) with implications for flood inundation. The event of 28th October 2013 – the highest-amplitude (1.16 m) event in the record – was associated with minor coastal flooding at Yarmouth, Isle of Wight. This flood occurred during a neap tide, when such events are widely thought to be impossible. Hence, our findings emphasize the relevance of high-frequency sea level variability for regional sea level forecasting and flood risk management

An improved database of coastal flooding in the United Kingdom from 1915 to 2016

Coastal flooding caused by extreme sea levels can produce devastating and wide-ranging consequences. The ‘SurgeWatch’ v1.0 database systematically documents and assesses the consequences of historical coastal flood events around the UK. The original database was inevitably biased due to the inconsistent spatial and temporal coverage of sea-level observations utilised. Therefore, we present an improved version integrating a variety of ‘soft’ data such as journal papers, newspapers, weather reports, and social media. SurgeWatch2.0 identifies 329 coastal flooding events from 1915 to 2016, a more than fivefold increase compared to the 59 events in v1.0. Moreover, each flood event is now ranked using a multi-level categorisation based on inundation, transport disruption, costs, and fatalities: from 1 (Nuisance) to 6 (Disaster). For the 53 most severe events ranked Category 3 and above, an accompanying event description based upon the Source-Pathway-Receptor-Consequence framework was produced. Thus, SurgeWatch v2.0 provides the most comprehensive and coherent historical record of UK coastal flooding. It is designed to be a resource for research, planning, management and education

Serum Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 levels in patients with hepatic steatosis

Objectives: Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 (ANGPTL-4) plays an important role in lipid metabolism by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. This effect of ANGPTL-4 results in suppression of the release of plasma triglyceri-dederived fatty acids. Increase in fatty acid levels entering to the liver and abnormalities in their secretion is one of the main mechanisms in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of ANGPTL-4 in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis by determining its levels in patients with fatty liver disease

Serum Adropin Levels Are Reduced in Adult Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: Adropin is a novel marker of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the association of serum adropin levels with hepatosteatosis among adult patients. Materials and Methods: Serum biochemical parameters including liver and renal function tests, insulin levels, and serum adropin levels were compared between adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy control cases. Results: A total of 51 patients with a mean age of 37.9 +/- 9.96 years diagnosed with grade 2-3 hepatosteatosis and 30 healthy control cases with a mean age of 34.8 +/- 9.5 years were included in the study. Serum adropin levels in the NAFLD group were statistically significantly lower than in the control cases (588.4 +/- 261.0 vs. 894.2 +/- 301.2, respectively; p < 0.001). The study participants were further subdivided into 2 groups as patients with (n = 35) or without (n = 46) insulin resistance using the serum homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Serum adropin levels were statistically significantly lower in patients with insulin resistance (p < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between adropin levels and serum insulin, HOMA-IR, urea, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Conclusion: We observed a decrease in serum adropin levels among adult patients with NAFLD. We also found lower levels of serum adropin in patients with insulin resistance, supporting previous data in the literature. Studies investigating the association of adropin levels with other inflammatory parameters are warranted to define its exact role in the pathogenesis of hepatosteatosis. (C) 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Base

Integrated Ground-Based and Satellite Remote Sensing of the Earth&rsquo;s Surface and Atmosphere in East and West Antarctica with Lidar and Radiometric Systems

We have developed remote ground-based and satellite methods and hardware and software for studying atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and the underlying surface in Eastern and Western Antarctica. The ground-based equipment includes: (1) a CIMEL solar spectrum photometer, which measures the spectrum of solar radiation transmitted and scattered by the atmosphere, (2) a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, which measures the vertical backscatter profile, (3) an albedometer, which measures the spectral albedo of the surface, primarily snow, and (4) a reflectometer, which measures the directional spectral reflectance of snow. The ground-based measurement data were integrated with data from satellite radiometers MODIS or OLCI and the satellite lidar CALIOP. A synergy of the manifold data results in retrieval of various atmosphere and surface characteristics such as the aerosol optical depth, profiles of concentration of the fine and coarse aerosol fractions, spatial distribution of the effective snow grain size, fraction of outcrops, etc