Chemical vapour deposition synthetic diamond: materials, technology and applications

Substantial developments have been achieved in the synthesis of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond in recent years, providing engineers and designers with access to a large range of new diamond materials. CVD diamond has a number of outstanding material properties that can enable exceptional performance in applications as diverse as medical diagnostics, water treatment, radiation detection, high power electronics, consumer audio, magnetometry and novel lasers. Often the material is synthesized in planar form, however non-planar geometries are also possible and enable a number of key applications. This article reviews the material properties and characteristics of single crystal and polycrystalline CVD diamond, and how these can be utilized, focusing particularly on optics, electronics and electrochemistry. It also summarizes how CVD diamond can be tailored for specific applications, based on the ability to synthesize a consistent and engineered high performance product.Comment: 51 pages, 16 figure

Comparison of in situ aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient measurements made during the Aerosol Intensive Operating Period

Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, No. D5, D05S03The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006056.In May 2003, the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored the Aerosol Intensive Operating Period (AIOP) which was conducted over the ARM Climate Research Facility (ACRF) in central Oklahoma. One new instrument that flew in the AIOP, called Cadenza, employed a cavity ring-down technique to measure extinction coefficient and a reciprocal nephelometer technique to simultaneously measure scattering coefficient. This instrument is described in this paper, and measurements are compared to those of conventional instrumentation. Agreement between Cadenza extinction coefficient and that derived from combining nephelometer scattering and PSAP absorption (Neph + PSAP) was excellent, about 2%. Agreement between Cadenza scattering coefficient and TSI nephelometer scattering was also excellent, about 2%, well within the uncertainty of the nephelometer and Cadenza scattering measurements. Comparisons between these instruments, made for the special case of plumes, showed that Cadenza measured extinction and scattering several percent higher on average than the Neph + PSAP and nephelometer alone. This difference is likely due to differences in the instrument response time: The response time for Cadenza is 1 s while that for the nephelometer is a minimum of 8 s. Plumes, identified as originating from Siberian biomass burning, are characterized. Composite size distributions from wing-mounted probes showed that two of the plumes had significant large particle modes that resulted in high values of the effective radius. The effect of the large particle mode was not seen in the A ° ngstro¨m coefficient calculated from the in-cabin scattering measurements because of the characteristics of the aircraft inlet