Thermophysical properties of fuel clading with various vacuum-arc coatings

The developed research technique for determining emissivity of thin-walled cylindrical samples was used to investigate, in the mode of heat transfer by radiation, thermophysical properties of Zr1Nb fuel cladding samples with different coatings deposited by vacuum-arc method. It has been shown that CrN coating, compared to Zr1Nbbase alloy and Cr coating, can ensure a more effective heat expulsion by radiation in the event of loss-of-coolant accident and high temperature excursion This occurs according to the Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law and due to a higher value of total emissivity for CrN.З використанням розробленої методики визначення випромінювальної здатності тонкостінних циліндричних зразків досліджено теплофізичні властивості в режимі теплопереносу випромінюванням зразків оболонки твела зі сплаву Zr1Nb з різними покриттями, нанесеними вакуумно-дуговим методом. Показано, що покриття CrN, в порівнянні з базовим сплавом Zr1Nb і покриттям Cr, може забезпечити більш ефективне знімання тепла випромінюванням у разі аварії з втратою теплоносія і підвищенням температури, що пов'язується з дією закону Стефана-Больцмана і більш високим значенням інтегрального ступеня чорноти CrN.Используя разработанную методику определения излучательной способности тонкостенных цилиндрических образцов, исследовали теплофизические свойства в режиме теплопереноса излучением образцов оболочки твэла из сплава Zr1Nb с различными покрытиями, нанесенными вакуумно-дуговым методом. Показано, что покрытие CrN, по сравнению с базовым сплавом Zr1Nb и покрытием Cr, может обеспечить более эффективный съем тепла излучением в случае аварии с потерей теплоносителя и повышением температуры, что связывается с действием закона Стефана-Больцмана и более высоким значением интегральной степени черноты CrN

Осложнения хирургического лечения пациентов со свежими переломами вертлужной впадины: систематический обзор

Background.The combination of classical anterior and posterior approaches, as well as their modifications, is recognized as the most effective in acetabular fractures surgical treatment. The use of classical and modified approaches is accompanied by  serious  intra-  and  postoperative  complications  associated  primarily  with  the  duration  of  surgery,  significant  blood loss, tissue trauma, surgical site infection. The aim of review — to determine the main and most frequent complications associated with surgical approaches to the acetabulum. material and methods. Access to literature sources is carried out in the information systems and databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Сochran Library, eLibrary, Wiley Online Library. Keywords: acetabular fractures, surgical treatment, approach to the acetabulum, total hip replacement.Results. The most common intraoperative complications are incorrect fragments reduction, sciatic nerve injury, less often — intraarticular implant position, damage to the superior gluteal artery and other vessels, among the early postoperative complications - wound infection, both superficial and deep, less often — venous thrombosis. Late postoperative complications are mainly represented  by  the  development  of  heterotopic  ossification,  post-traumatic  coxarthrosis,  less  often  revealed  aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, residual protrusion and secondary femoral head lesion. Conclusion. The main approach to the acetabulum are the ileo-inguinal and the Kocher-Langenbeck approach, as well as their combination.Complications were more common using two approaches, especially in cases of simultaneous use. The main intraoperative complications are the sciatic nerve and the superior gluteal artery injury with posterior approaches, the femoral lateral cutaneous nerve with expanded ilio-femoral approach, and the obturator nerve with anterior approaches.Введение. Наиболее эффективным в оперативном лечении переломов вертлужной впадины (ВВ) признан комбинированный подход с сочетанием классических передних и задних доступов, а также их модификаций. Применение классических и модифицированных доступов сопровождается возникающими серьезными интра- и послеоперационными осложнениями, связанными, прежде всего, с длительностью оперативного вмешательства, значительной кровопотерей, травматизацией тканей, развитием хирургической инфекции.Цель – определение основных и наиболее частых осложнений, связанных с применением хирургических доступов к вертлужной впадине.Материал и методы. Доступ к источникам литературы осуществлен в информационных системах и базах данных Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Сochran Library, еLibrary, Wiley Online Library. Использованы ключевые слова: переломы вертлужной впадины, оперативное лечение, доступы к вертлужной впадине, эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. Результаты. Из интраоперационных осложнений чаще выявляются некорректная репозиция отломков, повреждение седалищного нерва, и реже – расположение части импланта в ВВ, повреждение верхней ягодичной артерии и других сосудов. Среди ранних послеоперационных осложнений отмечена раневая хирургическая инфекция, как поверхностная, так и глубокая, и реже венозные тромбозы. Поздние послеоперационные осложнения в основном представлены развитием гетеротопической оссификацией, посттравматическим коксартрозом, реже выявлялись асептический некроз голоски бедренной кости, остаточная протрузия и вторичное повреждение голоски бедренной кости. Заключение. Основными доступами к вертлужной впадине являются подвздошно-паховый и Кохера-Лангенбека, и их сочетание. Осложнения чаще встречались при использовании двух доступов, особенно в случаях одновременного их применения. Отмечена разновидность интраоперационных осложнений, ранних и поздних послеоперационных осложнений. Основными интраоперационными осложнениями являются повреждение седалищного нерва и верхней ягодичной артерии при задних доступах, бокового кожного нерва бедра при расширенном подвздошно-бедренном, запирательного нерва при передних доступах

Biomonitoring of selected persistent organic pollutants (PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs) in Finnish and Russian terrestrial and aquatic animal species

Background: The Finnish and Russian animal species (semi-domesticated reindeer, Finnish wild moose, Baltic grey seal and Baltic herring) samples were biomonitored in terrestrial and aquatic environments for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs). Results: Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) was clearly the most contaminated species. The mean PBDE concentration in grey seal was 115 ng/g fat, and the highest WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ (toxic equivalent set by WHO) was 327 pg/g fat. In Finnish, reindeer WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ varied from 0.92 pg/g fat in muscle to 90.8 pg/g fat in liver. WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ in moose liver samples was in the range of 0.7–4.26 pg/g fat, and WHO-PCB-TEQ in the range of 0.42–3.34 pg/g fat. Overall moose had clearly lower PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations in their liver than reindeer. Conclusions: Terrestrial animals generally had low POP concentrations, but in reindeer liver dioxin levels were quite high. All Finnish and Russian reindeer liver

Additional Medical Support of Antibiotic Therapy: the Need or Polypharmacy? Part 1. Probiotics

The paper presents an analysis of the results of current researches on the need, effectiveness and safety of additional pharmacological prevention for adverse events associated with the use of antibiotics in children. The authors conclude that because the positions of initial antibacterial agents for use in children in Ukraine are clearly, in a graded sequence defined by national protocols, and the efficacy and safety of probiotic use for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children has not been determined, the only way out of this situation is rational choice of first-line antibiotic

Additional Medical Support of Antibiotic Therapy: the Need or Polypharmacy? Part 2

The article deals with the questions of efficacy and safety of antibacterial agents use, as well as the tactics of prevention of drug allergy in patients receiving antibiotics. The algorithm of the doctor’s actions when taking a decision on the administration of the antibiotic to the child is provided

The influence of psycho-emotional stress in children of primary school age on the incidence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and the functional state of the myocardium

Background. Scientific and technical progress, intensification of educational process and information overload have a negative effect on unformed central nervous system of primary schoolchildren, causing stress, which affects the increase in the incidence of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and the functional state of the myocardium. In view of this, we analyzed a functional state of myocardium in children with recurrent URTI. The critical duration of the work of primary school child with electronic means of communication, which affects the quality of nighttime sleep and the nature of awakening in the morning, was established. We have studied the relationship of the above mentioned with the incidence of URTI, the level of school anxiety and functional reserve of the myocardium. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the functional reserve of the myocardium in children of primary school age, depending on the incidence of URTI and the level of psycho-emotional activity. Materials and me­thods. 239 children aged 6 to 9 years were examined. The analysis of the functional reserve of the myocardium was carried out in pupils with different incidence of the URTI, depending on the age. The influence of electronic communications on the quality of nighttime sleep and morning awakening was stu­died, and the level of school anxiety was evaluated. During the study, children were divided into two groups. Group 1 — children with recurrent acute respiratory diseases (n = 143). Group 2 — children who occasionally have URTI (n = 96). Results. Out of 239 children with recurrent acute respiratory infections, we have identified 173 children with reduced functional reserve of the myocardium (72.4 %). Among children with recurrent URTI, the incidence of reduced functional reserve of the myocardium was 76.2 %, and in occasionally ill children — 66.7 %. Children with recurrent URTI use electronic means of communication more often than occasionally ill children: a direct strong positive relationship was revealed between the decrease in the functional reserve of the myocardium and the time spent on gadgets as compared to children occasionally suffering from URTI. Conclusions. Children with recurrent URTI spend more time on electronic communication means than occasionally ill children. Among children with recurrent URTI, disturbances of night sleep and morning awakening are revealed most often. Children with recurrent URTI more often than occasionally ill children have high school anxiety. Prolonged use of electronic communication means, disturbances of night sleep and mor­ning awakening are accompanied by a decrease of functional reserve of the myocardium