13 research outputs found

    Diversité, structure et régénération de la végétation ligneuse de la Station Sahélienne Expérimentale de Toukounous, Niger

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    A la Station SahĂ©lienne ExpĂ©rimentale de Toukounous, le bĂ©tail est nourri essentiellement sur pĂąturage naturel. En saison sĂšche, l’herbe devient rare et subsiste Ă  l’état de paille. Les animaux ont recours aux ligneux pour combler le dĂ©ficit alimentaire. L’état de la vĂ©gĂ©tation ligneuse a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tabli Ă  travers la dĂ©termination de la diversitĂ©, la structure et la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration des espĂšces ligneuses par la mĂ©thode des transects. L’inventaire floristique a permis de recenser 15 espĂšces rĂ©parties entre 11 genres et 10 familles. La famille des Capparaceae et celle des Leguminosae-MimosoĂŻdeae sont les plus  reprĂ©sentĂ©es. Le peuplement est une formation arbustive Ă  Maerua crassifolia avec comme espĂšces compagnes Balanites aegyptiaca et Acacia raddiana. La densitĂ© moyenne est de 172 pieds Ă  l’hectare. La distribution par classes de diamĂštre montre une prĂ©dominance d'individus de petit diamĂštre. La majoritĂ© des ligneux a une hauteur infĂ©rieure Ă  2 mĂštres (46,4%). Le degrĂ© de couverture de la strate ligneuse, estimĂ© Ă  12,67% est globalement faible. Le taux de renouvellement varie selon l’espĂšce. Maerua crassifolia (47,9%), Balanites aegyptiaca (17,4%) et Acacia raddiana (14,1%) ont les plus forts peuplements juvĂ©niles. L’effectif de Maerua crassifolia est en baisse. La structure du peuplement fait Ă©tat d’un milieu perturbĂ©. La protection des jeunes plants devrait permettre de diversifier les sources d’aliments pour le bĂ©tail en pĂ©riode de soudure.Mots clĂ©s : Peuplement ligneux, parcours, caractĂ©ristiques structurales, Sahel, Niger

    Dynamique du peuplement herbacĂ© de la station sahĂ©lienne expĂ©rimentale de Toukounous (FilinguĂ© – Niger)

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    La dynamique spatio-temporelle de la vĂ©gĂ©tation herbacĂ©e de la Station SahĂ©lienne ExpĂ©rimentale de Toukounous a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie suivant la mĂ©thode des points quadrats alignĂ©s. L’analyse de la composition floristique et des types de pĂąturage herbacĂ© dans les diffĂ©rents faciĂšs morpho-pĂ©dologiques de la station a permis de recenser 75 espĂšces herbacĂ©es essentiellement annuelles, rĂ©parties dans 50 genres et 20 familles. L’annĂ©e 2006 a enregistrĂ© un nombre d’espĂšces significativement plus grand que les autres annĂ©es d’étude (P<0,05). Les espĂšces vivaces sont absentes et les lĂ©gumineuses sont rares. La forte dominance des graminĂ©es annuelles tĂ©moigne de la perte de la biodiversitĂ©. Le recouvrement herbacĂ© est globalement Ă©levĂ© (80,9%) et varie peu entre les diffĂ©rents types d’unitĂ©s morpho-pĂ©dologiques et selon les annĂ©es. L’analyse canonique des correspondances appliquĂ©e aux matrices relevĂ©s-espĂšces et relevĂ©s-variables environnementales montre l’existence de groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux Ă©voluant sur les diffĂ©rentes unitĂ©s de vĂ©gĂ©tation (dune, plaine et bas fond) en fonction de la quantitĂ© de pluies tombĂ©es au cours de l’annĂ©e considĂ©rĂ©e. La perte de biodiversitĂ© suppose une intervention rapide dont les grands axes d’amĂ©nagement passent par l’ensemencement des aires de pĂąture couplĂ© Ă  la rotation afin d’assurer l’enrichissement du couvert vĂ©gĂ©tal surtout en lĂ©gumineuses tout en Ă©vitant la frĂ©quentation des endroits les moins pourvus en lĂ©gumineuses pendant la saison pluvieuse.Mots clĂ©s : vĂ©gĂ©tation, composition floristique, rĂ©partition spatio-temporelle, parcours, Toukounous, Niger

    Multilingual examinations: towards a schema of politicization of language in end of high school examinations in sub-Saharan Africa

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    In many countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the release of each year’s results for the end of high school examinations heralds an annual ritual of public commentary on the poor state of national education systems. However, the exoglossic/monolingual language regime for these examinations is infrequently acknowledged as contributing to the dismal performance of students. Even less attended to is the manner in which the language of examinations, through shaping students’ performances, may be exacerbating social inequalities. This article politicizes the language of examinations in the region in the hope of generating policy and research interest in what is arguably an insidious source of inequality. The article makes three arguments. Firstly, it is argued that current exoglossic/monolingual practices in these examinations constitute a set of sociolinguistic aberrations, with demonstrable negative effects on students’ performance. Secondly, it is argued that the gravity of these paradoxical sociolinguistic disarticulations is better appreciated when their social ramifications are viewed in terms of structural violence and social inequality. Thirdly, in considering how to evolve a more socially equitable examination language regime, it is argued that the notion of consequential validity in testing positions translanguaging as a more ecologically valid model of language use in examinations

    African Linguistics in Central and Eastern Europe, and in the Nordic Countries

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    Evidence for Foot Structure in Hausa

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    McCarthy and Prince (1986, 1990) have put forward the Prosodic Morphology Hypothesis to account for morphological processes (such as reduplication and truncation) that typically require that their output conform to a particular shape of template. This hypothesis claims that morphological templates are analyzable in terms of prosodic units. In this paper I will show that Hausa nominal reduplication and nickname formation are best analyzed as involving the specification of a foot template. Thus, these two processes provide supporting evidence for McCarthy and Prince's Prosodic Morphology Hypothesis

    Culture de Andropogon gayanus Kunth par repiquage des Ă©clats de souches: Fodder bank based on Andropogon gayanus Kunth by transplanting fragments of stumps

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    Les espĂšces herbacĂ©es rendent d'Ă©normes services Ă©cosystĂ©miques. Cependant, peu d'Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©es Ă  la dĂ©termination de la production de biomasse sur une espĂšce fourragĂšre particuliĂšre de Poaceae. Cette Ă©tude portant sur la banque fourragĂšre Ă  base de l’espĂšce Andropogon gayanus a Ă©tĂ© conduite sur le site expĂ©rimental de la FacultĂ© d’Agronomie de l’UniversitĂ© de Niamey. L’objectif est d’étudier la reprise des souches repiquĂ©es et la production en biomasse de l’espĂšce Andropogon gayanus pendant la saison des pluies 2018. Le matĂ©riel biologique utilisĂ© est constituĂ© d’éclats de souches prĂ©levĂ©es Ă  partir des pieds mĂšres de la saison pluvieuse 2017. Deux pĂ©riodes de repiquage ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es : la premiĂšre en dĂ©but de la saison pluvieuse et la seconde au milieu de la saison pluvieuse. Deux doses d’engrais NPK de 6 et 12 g ont Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©es. Le dĂ©lai moyen de reprise des souches repiquĂ©es est de 6 et 4 jours respectivement pour les repiquages du dĂ©but et celui du milieu de saison. La reprise s’est Ă©talĂ©e sur 20 jours pour les souches du 1er repiquage contre 15 jours pour celles du second. La biomasse moyenne produite est de 629,67 kg/ha pour les souches du dĂ©but de la saison alors qu'elle est de 824,01 kg/ha pour celles du 30 juillet et 291 kg/ha pour le tĂ©moin, Ă  la premiĂšre coupe. Cette production a augmentĂ© Ă  la deuxiĂšme coupe oĂč il Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ© 720,28 kg/ha et 1110 kg/ha respectivement pour le premier et le second traitement, et 358,26 kg/ha pour le tĂ©moin. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent que A. gayanus est une espĂšce qui s’adapte et se dĂ©veloppe bien dans les conditions hydriques favorables. L’espĂšce peut donc ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e comme une banque Ă  fourrage, surtout dans ce milieu oĂč les ressources fourragĂšres deviennent de plus en plus rares et de faible valeur nutritive Ă  certaines pĂ©riodes de l’annĂ©e. Grass species provide enormous ecosystem services. However, few studies have attempted to determine the biomass production on a particular fodder Poaceae species. Therefore, the present study on fodder bank based on Andropogon gayanus was carried out on the experimental site of the Faculty of Agronomy at Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey in Niger to close the knowledge gap. The main objective of the work was to study the resumption and biomass production of the Andropogon gayanus transplanted stumps during rainy season 2018. We used stumps fragments taken from the mother plant of 2017 rainy season as biological material. Two transplanting periods were studied: the first at the start of the rainy season and the second in the middle of the rainy season. A treatment was applied with two doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (NPK) fertilizer (6 and 12 g). Resumption time of transplanted stumps is about 6 and 4 days respectively for transplanting of the rainy season start and that of middle of season rainy. Resumption took place over 20 days for strains of first transplanting versus 15 days for those of second one. The average biomass produced is 629.67 kg/ha for the strains at the start of the season while it is 824.01 kg/ha for those of July 30 and 291 kg/ha for the control, at the first cut. This production increased in the second cut where it was harvested 720.28 kg/ha and 1110 kg/ha respectively for the first and second treatment, and 358.26 kg/ha for the control. These results showed that Andropogon gayanus is a species, which adapts and develops well under favorable water conditions. The species can therefore be used as a fodder bank, especially in this environment where fodder resources are becoming increasingly scarce and of low nutritional value at certain times of the year

    CULTIVATION AND INGESTIBILITY OF ANGOLE PEAS (CAJANUS CAJAN) IN SAHEL GOAT IN NIGER

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    This study was conducted on the experimental site of the Faculty of Agriculture of Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey. Objective of the work is to study the culture of species Cajanus cajan while determining its applicability to the Sahel goat. Germination test was carried out in petri dishes. Experimental set-up consists of 360 pockets distributed in three blocks each containing four plots of which three plots received urea, three received the NPK, three others received the manure and in the end three were kept as controls. Time between the establishment of grain culture in petri dishes and first appearance of radicle is one day and the staggering of germination is four days. The emergence of seedlings was observed 7 days after sowing in pockets. The seeds have a germination rate of 67.14%. At the first harvest, biomass production is 78.84; 89.42 and 79.87kg / ha respectively for plants treated with urea, NPK 15-15-15 and for plants treated with manure. Production of control plants is 50.45 kg / ha. Species Cajanus cajan has a higher appetence rate (80%) compared to species Leuceuna lecocephala and Gliricidia sepium which have respectively 66.66 and 46.66%
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