Reimann's "Habitual Hyperthermia" Responding to Hormone Therapy.

A 25-year-old woman presented with fever of unknown origin, exhibiting malaise and low-grade fevers in evenings. These fevers exhibited a pattern of starting mid-menstrual cycle with resolution around the onset of menses, matching a pattern of "habitual hyperthermia" reported by H. Reimann in the 1930s. Extensive workup was unremarkable, and the fevers improved on oral synthetic estrogen and progesterone therapy

A stochastic multi-scale model of HIV-1 transmission for decision-making: application to a MSM population.

BackgroundIn the absence of an effective vaccine against HIV-1, the scientific community is presented with the challenge of developing alternative methods to curb its spread. Due to the complexity of the disease, however, our ability to predict the impact of various prevention and treatment strategies is limited. While ART has been widely accepted as the gold standard of modern care, its timing is debated.ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of medical interventions at the level of individuals on the spread of infection across the whole population. Specifically, we investigate the impact of ART initiation timing on HIV-1 spread in an MSM (Men who have Sex with Men) population.Design and methodsA stochastic multi-scale model of HIV-1 transmission that integrates within a single framework the in-host cellular dynamics and their outcomes, patient health states, and sexual contact networks. The model captures disease state and progression within individuals, and allows for simulation of therapeutic strategies.ResultsEarly ART initiation may substantially affect disease spread through a population.ConclusionsOur model provides a multi-scale, systems-based approach to evaluate the broader implications of therapeutic strategies

Information and data quality in business networking: a key concept for enterprises in its early stages of development

Information and data of high quality are critical for successful business performance in general and Business Networking in particular. As the trend toward sharing information between business partners and value networks is still increasing, the position paper aims at providing a comprehensive perspective on the state of research with regard to information and data quality in Business Networking. The paper shows that much has been achieved, but that fundamental aspects still remain unaddressed. Based on the results of a literature review, the paper identifies consequential areas of research and makes six propositions for future research. In doing so, the position paper aims at offering novel perspectives and at introducing new areas of research in a field of particularly high relevance in the networked business and electronic markets domai

Determinant of HIV-1 mutational escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

CD8+ class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) usually incompletely suppress HIV-1 in vivo, and while analogous partial suppression induces antiretroviral drug-resistance mutations, epitope escape mutations are inconsistently observed. However, escape mutation depends on the net balance of selective pressure and mutational fitness costs, which are poorly understood and difficult to study in vivo. Here we used a controlled in vitro system to evaluate the ability of HIV-1 to escape from CTL clones, finding that virus replicating under selective pressure rapidly can develop phenotypic resistance associated with genotypic changes. Escape varied between clones recognizing the same Gag epitope or different Gag and RT epitopes, indicating the influence of the T cell receptor on pressure and fitness costs. Gag and RT escape mutations were monoclonal intra-epitope substitutions, indicating limitation by fitness constraints in structural proteins. In contrast, escape from Nef-specific CTL was more rapid and consistent, marked by a polyclonal mixture of epitope point mutations and upstream frameshifts. We conclude that incomplete viral suppression by CTL can result in rapid emergence of immune escape, but the likelihood is strongly determined by factors influencing the fitness costs of the particular epitope targeted and the ability of responding CTL to recognize specific epitope variants

Potential of faba bean lipase and lipoxygenase to promote formation of volatile lipid oxidation products in food models

Faba bean can respond to the need for plant-based proteins for human consumption. The aim of this work was to study the role of lipid-modifying enzymes in faba bean in causing off-flavour compounds during processing. The faba bean exhibited high lipase and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, with pH optima being 8.0 and 6.0, respectively. Faba bean LOX preferred free fatty acids (FFAs) over triacylglycerols as substrates, and together with other LOX pathway enzymes, it formed specific volatile products, as measured using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography. During the preparation of the food models (i.e. the extracts and emulsions), enzymatic lipid oxidation occurred. The inclusion in the emulsions of rapeseed oil, especially of rapeseed oil FFAs, remarkably increased the amounts of volatile products. The largest quantities of products were formed in food models at pH 6.4, which is close to the pH optimum of LOX. Further studies on lipase in food models are needed.Peer reviewe