Treatment of municipal solid waste odour using electron beam irradiation technique / Mohd. Nahar Othman

Environmental Quality, Clean Air Regulation was enforced since 1st October 1978 in Malaysia. However, it does not contain any standard parameters for odour control and discharge to the environment. In order to respond to various odour complaints and handle odour problems in Malaysia, a regulation for odour control is necessary. Since Malaysia will be declared a developed country in the year 2020, environmental legislations of the country have to be improved to the standards of a developed country. The objective of this research is to study the odour problems in Malaysia, specifically for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) odour, to identified the sources of odour from MSW, odour measurement and analytical by olfactometer, correlation between odour unit and concentration in ppmv and ppbv, odour treatment using electron beam irradiation technique, odour kinetic and dispersion modeling. In this study, the odorous gas such as Benzene (aromatic odour), Dimethylsulfide (rubbish odour) and Trimethylamine (fishy odour) are also used as odours samples. Odorous gas samples were treated by using the powerful energy produced by electron beam. Ambient and odorous gas samples were also collected from Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) factory and in surrounding area in Semenyih, Selangor and these samples were analyzed by using DynaScent Digital Olfactometer. The results of the emission measurement and the ambient air collected around the study area showed that there are various factors that affect the distribution of odorous gas to the complaint area that is only less than 1.5 km from the factory. The result also shows that there is great potential in using the electron beam irradiation technique in order to solve the odour problem

Assessing wireless security implementation in government and private sector companies in Malacca-a case study

Wireless local area networks (WLAN) have become a common technology in our everyday life. The use of WLAN can be seen among home users who use it to access the Internet and play games to business users who conduct daily business activities over the WLAN. The main objective of this case study was to ascertain the level of security with regards to wireless implementation in government and private sector companies in Malacca. To gauge the level of security being implemented, we conduct war driving sessions where we use certain hardware and software to map these wireless networks and then analyze their level of security in terms of whether they use encryption techniques such as WEP or WPA for data confidentiality.Simulation was done to show that some of these techniques are not secure. Then, comparisons are made between the use of open source software against vendor based software to collect and analyze the wireless networks before making several conclusions. The most alarming conclusion was that the level of awareness of wireless security among users in Malacca was still relatively low, especially in government sectors. Finally, we propose several steps that can be taken to minimize and counter problems faced when using wireless technology

Assessing Wireless Security Implementation In Government And Private Sector Companies In Malacca – A Case Study

Wireless local area networks (WLAN) have become a common technology in our everyday life. The use of WLAN can be seen among home users who use it to access the Internet and play games to business users who conduct daily business activities over the WLAN. The main objective of this case study was to ascertain the level of security with regards to wireless implementation in government and private sector companies in Malacca. To gauge the level of security being implemented, we conduct war driving sessions where we use certain hardware and software to map these wireless networks and then analyze their level of security in terms of whether they use encryption techniques such as WEP or WPA for data confidentiality. Simulation was done to show that some of these techniques are not secure. Then, comparisons are made between the use of open source software against vendor based software to collect and analyze the wireless networks before making several conclusions. The most alarming conclusion was that the level of awareness of wireless security among users in Malacca was still relatively low, especially in government sectors. Finally, we propose several steps that can be taken to minimize and counter problems faced when using wireless technology

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Mountaineering in Malaysia: a review and discussion

Over the past 50 years, mountaineering activities have become increasingly popular in Malaysia. The significant rise in mountain forest climbing activities can be seen in the rapid growth of the emergence of associations and organisations, the presence of mountaineering enthusiasts, activists, and climbing practitioners on social media, and the formation of associations at higher education institutions. In line with current developments, government agencies also play an important role in directing the movement towards a balanced goal for forest conservation and the provision of quality mountaineering experiences among climbers. This paper provides an overview of climbing trends and challenges involving mountaineering activities and mountaineering scenarios in Malaysia. The importance of improved risk management, empowerment efforts, and strategic partnerships between authorities and industry actors to ensure the continuity of Malaysia's climbing activities is also emphasised

IOT Based Integrated COVID-19 Self-Monitoring Tool (COV-SMT) for Quarantine

COVID-19 Self-Monitoring Tool (COV-SMT) is the research developed to address multiple issues in monitoring quarantined individuals due to COVID-19 infection. As COVID-19 is still highly infectious despite the availability of vaccines, the implementation of contactless Internet of Things (IoT) technology should be encouraged to minimize the need for medical staff to perform daily health checks and thus prevent them from being directly infected during checking. This research aims to develop an effective method to monitor quarantined individuals regarding their vital signs, such as body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen level. A contactless self-monitoring tool integrated with a stages algorithm is developed to monitor these quarantined individuals with the help of IoT technology. It can provide a consistent platform for patients or users to transfer information or data through networks, including personalized healthcare domains. COV-SMT is an effective tool to streamlet the overall process of taking measurements from quarantined individuals. It integrates multiple sensors into one tool while providing a better overall picture with its graphical presentation to help patients and medical staff better understand their health conditions

Prosedur Operasi Standard rekreasi luar pelajar: institut pengajian tinggi

Prosedur Operasi Standard (SOP) untuk program rekreasi luar Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi (IPT), Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi (KPT) ini dibangunkan bagi tujuan penyeragaman tatacara operasi dan pembudayaan program rekreasi luar yang lebih berkualiti dan selamat. SOP ini juga turut berfungsi sebagai sebuah garis panduan dan sumber rujukan dalam memastikan kelancaran serta keselamatan program rekreasi luar di IPT kelolaan KPT

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Abstracts of the International Conference on Business, Accounting and Finance 2023: Embracing New Business Paradigm Shifts

This book presents the abstracts of the selected contributions to the second International Academic Conference 2023, held on 25-26 February 2023 by the International University of Malaya-Wales (IUMW), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. IAC 2023 is the coming together of researchers and industry. It’s a place to gather and share groundbreaking ideas, discoveries, and experiences on a variety of thought leadership topics covered under this year’s conference theme, “Embracing New Business Paradigm Shifts". Conference Title: International Academic Conference 2023Conference Acronym: IAC 2023Conference Theme: Embracing New Business Paradigm ShiftsConference Date: 25-26 February 2023Conference Venue: IUMW, MalaysiaConference Organizer: International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysi

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially