A New Book about the Aksakov Clan and Family

The readers are invited to review the book by Andrey Petrovich Dmitriev “The Aksakov Family: Literary Heritage and Civic Position: From Archival Research.” It is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov, an outstanding Russian publicist of Slavophile trend, poet and public figure. The monograph explores various aspects of the life and activities of the representatives of the famous Aksakov family, who in their writings and correspondence actively responded to all the most important events in the cultural and social life of Russia. The research is based on extensive archival data, partly introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In addition to covering a wide range of subjects the book provides a new approach to the accumulation of research potential in the study of the history of Russian clans and social processes in Russian society of the 19th century. The research is provided with illustrations, a list of abbreviations, an index of names and a valuable bibliographic references to the first publications of the materials placed or mentioned in the book

Preconditions for the development of Russian Arctic export, coastal (cabotage) transportation and project cargo for the arctic demand

The article considers the concept and description of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the main prerequisites for the development of Russian Arctic export by using the NSR. The concept and analysis of coastal shipping using Arctic vessels and the predictive conclusions on possible Arctic projects are also presented in the article. Systems for the development of Russian Arctic export, coastal transportation, and project cargo for Arctic demand include freight transport systems by rail and sea transport fleet. The purpose of this article is to analyze the data of transport systems, as well as to identify key prospects for the development of this system in Russia, taking into account a new concept – the Northern Sea Transport Corridor. According to the fact that it is a national transport corridor of the Russian Federation, the development of the cargo traffic is mainly connected with the Arctic exploration projects

ON THE ISSUE OF THE STUDY OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY

  Objective: The article focuses on the topical problem of the functioning of autobiographical memory, which is considered as a higher mental function. The aim of the research is to study autobiographical memory of people of different age groups using the method of free recall of events.Methods: The main parameters of the analysis are as follows: Memories peak,†subjective importance of the events and dynamics of autobiographical memory.Results: The research results suggest that positive experiences dominate in the structure of autobiographical memory. This may indicate psychological protective mechanisms of a person. The dynamics of autobiographical memory is observed in all age groups. This results in changing the evaluation of events. This can be explained by a change in personality, the transformation of values, interests and moral principles of a person.Conclusion: The study revealed that subjects of all age groups primarily remember old events and, last of all, the events of the recent past

CaCu2(SeO3)2Cl2: spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain compound with complex frustrated interchain couplings

We report the crystal structure, magnetization measurements, and band-structure calculations for the spin-1/2 quantum magnet CaCu2(SeO3)2Cl2. The magnetic behavior of this compound is well reproduced by a uniform spin-1/2 chain model with the nearest-neighbor exchange of about 133 K. Due to the peculiar crystal structure, spin chains run in the direction almost perpendicular to the structural chains. We find an exotic regime of frustrated interchain couplings owing to two inequivalent exchanges of 10 K each. Peculiar superexchange paths grant an opportunity to investigate bond-randomness effects under partial Cl-Br substitution.Comment: Extended version: 9 pages, 7 figures, 4 table

Public Health Risk Conditioned by Chemical Composition of Ground Water

The article studies the public health potential risk originated from water consumption and estimated on the basis of the groundwater chemical composition. We have processed the results of chemical groundwater analysis in different aquifers of Tomsk district (Tomsk Oblast, Russia). More than 8400 samples of chemical groundwater analyses were taken during long-term observation period. Human health risk assessment of exposure to contaminants in drinking water was performed in accordance with the risk assessment guidance for public health concerning chemical pollution of the environment (Russian reference number: 2.1.10.1920-04-M, 2004). Identified potential risks were estimated for consuming water of each aquifer. The comparative analysis of water quality of different aquifers was performed on the basis of the risk coefficient of the total non-carcinogenic effects. The non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the Tomsk district population due to groundwater consumption without prior sanitary treatment was admitted acceptable. A rather similar picture is observed for all aquifers, although deeper aquifers show lower hazard coefficients

Public Health Risk Conditioned by Chemical Composition of Ground Water

The article studies the public health potential risk originated from water consumption and estimated on the basis of the groundwater chemical composition. We have processed the results of chemical groundwater analysis in different aquifers of Tomsk district (Tomsk Oblast, Russia). More than 8400 samples of chemical groundwater analyses were taken during long-term observation period. Human health risk assessment of exposure to contaminants in drinking water was performed in accordance with the risk assessment guidance for public health concerning chemical pollution of the environment (Russian reference number: 2.1.10.1920-04-M, 2004). Identified potential risks were estimated for consuming water of each aquifer. The comparative analysis of water quality of different aquifers was performed on the basis of the risk coefficient of the total non-carcinogenic effects. The non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the Tomsk district population due to groundwater consumption without prior sanitary treatment was admitted acceptable. A rather similar picture is observed for all aquifers, although deeper aquifers show lower hazard coefficients

Informational characteristics of microbial biofilms formed by clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro on the surface of the cover glass

Purpose Obtaining quantitative and informational characteristics of biofilms formed by clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro on the surface of a cover glass. Materials and methods In vitro biofilm formation on the surface of the cover glass was studied for clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, isolated in a monoculture (ESBL +) (n = 3) and in associations with Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6) in 9 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of long bones harvrested from fistulae in the preoperative period or from the infection focus during surgery. Results Monocultures of K. pneumoniae (BLRS +) differed by their lower adhesive ability when compared to strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from associations with S. aureus. The highest adhesive activity on the surface of the cover glass was observed in a mixed culture of K. pneumoniae + S. aureus. Informational characteristics depended on the type of biofilms formed. Common to biofilms was the absence of changes in the maximum possible structural diversity. Significant differences between the existing structural diversity of biofilms formed by monocultures of K. pneumonia, K. pneumonia isolated from associations and a mixed culture of K. pneumoniae + S. aureus were noted. Conclusion The absence of pronounced variability of information indicators during the experiment within each microbial community indicates the tendecy of all systems of emerging biofilms to preserve stabilit

The effectiveness of using lipid- and water-soluble analogues of vitamin E as antioxidant protectors for cryopreservation of sperm of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)

The aim of the research was to comparative study the effectiveness of synthetic antioxidants – lipid-soluble (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) and water–soluble (trolox) analogues of vitamin E for the cryopreservation of Russian sturgeon and sterlet sperm in the presence of the modified Stein’s medium. The ability of phenolic antioxidants to reduce the level of lipid peroxidation of sturgeon sperm, beneficial effect on the motility of thawed sperm has been shown. The addition of lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants to a basic cryomedim increased the fertilization rate of Russian sturgeon and sterlet sperm cells about 10% compared to the control experiment. The insignificant protective effect of these antioxidants presumably is explained by the use of a cryogenic medium with additive of toxic DMSO, therefore, it is necessary to develop a new composition of the cryo-medium with a minimum concentration of DMSO

Бронхиальная астма и COVID-19: обзор рекомендаций по ведению пациентов с бронхиальной астмой во время пандемии COVID-19

The emergence of a new disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, has significantly changed the usual interaction pattern between a doctor and a patient. Previous large studies have identified risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19, including old age, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, asthma and respiratory allergy have not been identified as risk factors for the severe disease. These factors give clues to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, approaches to the controller medications, target therapy, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in patients with various phenotypes and endotypes of asthma during the pandemic.The purpose of this review is to summarize the currently available knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, T2-endotype of asthma, eosinophilic inflammation. The article provides an overview of the data from studies of COVID-19 patients with asthma, the main recommendations of the Global Initiative for Asthma (2021) and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. It shows that targeting the endotypes and phenotypes of asthma can influence the management of COVID-19 patients with asthma. The influence of the imbalance of the immune system, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and effector cells in patients with asthma on the development and progression of COVID-19 is considered. Recommendations are given for the controller medications, targeted therapy, allergen-specific immunotherapy during the pandemic.Conclusion. The current recommendations for asthma treatment, based on the latest research of COVID-19, deepen our understanding of the course of COVID-19 in patients with different phenotypes and endotypes of asthma, approaches to traditional methods of treating asthma according to clinical guidelines during the pandemic.При появлении нового заболевания COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease–2019), вызванного коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, значительно изменилась привычная схема взаимодействия врача и пациента. По данным крупных исследований выявлен ряд факторов риска развития тяжелого течения заболевания COVID-19 – пожилой возраст, гипертония, сахарный диабет, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, хроническая обструктивня болезнь легких. Однако бронхиальная астма (БА) и респираторная аллергия не идентифицированы как существенные факторы риска тяжелого течения заболевания, а выявление этих факторов дает важную информацию о патогенезе COVID-19, подходах к базисной, таргетной и аллерген-специфической терапии (АСИТ) в условиях пандемии при различных фенотипах и эндотипах БА.Целью обзора явилось обобщение имеющихся в настоящее время знаний о SARS‐CoV‐2, Т2-эндотипе БА, эозинофильном воспалении. Представлены данные исследований по изучению особенностей течения COVID-19 у пациентов с БА, основные рекомендации Глобальной инициативы по БА (Global Initiative for Asthma – GINA, 2021) и Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Показано, что ориентирование на эндотипы и фенотипы БА способствует выбору оптимальной тактики ведения пациентов с COVID-19 и БА. Рассмотрено влияние дисбаланса иммунной системы, провоспалительных цитокинов, эффекторных клеток у больных БА на развитие и прогрессирование COVID-19. Приведены рекомендации по ведению пациентов препаратами базисной, таргетной терапии, АСИТ в условиях пандемии.Заключение. Текущие рекомендации по лечению БА, основанные на результатах последних исследований, в контексте c COVID-19 углубляют понимание особенностей течения коорновирусной болезни у пациентов с различными фенотипами и эндотипами БА и подходов к традиционным методам ее лечения согласно клиническим рекомендациям в условиях пандемии

Designing in vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models Reproducing Alterations in Brain Aging

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) modeling in vitro is a huge area of research covering study of intercellular communications and development of BBB, establishment of specific properties that provide controlled permeability of the barrier. Current approaches in designing new BBB models include development of new (bio) scaffolds supporting barriergenesis/angiogenesis and BBB integrity; use of methods enabling modulation of BBB permeability; application of modern analytical techniques for screening the transfer of metabolites, bio-macromolecules, selected drug candidates and drug delivery systems; establishment of 3D models; application of microfluidic technologies; reconstruction of microphysiological systems with the barrier constituents. Acceptance of idea that BBB in vitro models should resemble real functional activity of the barrier in different periods of ontogenesis and in different (patho) physiological conditions leads to proposal that establishment of BBB in vitro model with alterations specific for aging brain is one of current challenges in neurosciences and bioengineering. Vascular dysfunction in the aging brain often associates with leaky BBB, alterations in perivascular microenvironment, neuroinflammation, perturbed neuronal and astroglial activity within the neurovascular unit, impairments in neurogenic niches where microvascular scaffold plays a key regulatory role. The review article is focused on aging-related alterations in BBB and current approaches to development of “aging” BBB models in vitro