189 research outputs found
Jet hadronization at LHCb
In high energy proton-proton collisions, collimated sprays of particles,
called jets, result from hard scattered quarks or gluons. Jets are copiously
produced in these collisions; however, the dynamic process through which quarks
and gluons, collectively referred to as partons, become bound state hadrons is
still not well understood. Jets provide an excellent tool to study this process
as they are proxies for the scattered parton; therefore, final-state hadrons
can be measured with respect to an observable that is correlated to the
scattered parton. The LHCb experiment is in an excellent position to measure
hadrons within jets due to its excellent tracking and particle-identification
capabilities. In this talk, new measurements of charged hadrons within jets
measured opposite a boson will be presented from the LHCb collaboration.Comment: on behalf of the LHCb collaboration. Proceedings for the 13th
International Workshop on High-pT Physics in the RHIC/LHC Er
Nuclear gluons at RHIC in a multiobservable approach
We explore the possibility of measuring nuclear gluon distributions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) with root s = 200 GeV proton-nucleus collisions. In addition to measurements at central rapidity, we consider also observables at forward rapidity, consistent with proposed upgrades to the experimental capabilities of STAR and sPHENIX. The processes we consider consist of Drell-Yan dilepton, dijet, and direct photon jet production. The Drell-Yan process is found to be an efficient probe of gluons at small momentum fractions. In order to fully utilize the potential of Drell-Yan measurements we demonstrate how the overall normalization uncertainty present in the experimental data can be fixed using other experimental observables. An asset of the RHIC collider is its flexibility to run with different ion beams, and we outline how this ability could be taken advantage of to measure the A dependence of gluon distributions for which the current constraints are scarce.Peer reviewe
Lattice study of ChPT beyond QCD
We describe initial results by the Lattice Strong Dynamics (LSD)
collaboration of a study into the variation of chiral properties of chiral
properties of SU(3) Yang-Mills gauge theory as the number of massless flavors
changes from to , with a focus on the use of chiral
perturbation theory.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the 6th International Workshop on
Chiral Dynamics, University of Bern, Switzerland, July 6-10 200
Toward TeV Conformality
We study the chiral condensate for an SU(3) gauge theory
with massless Dirac fermions in the fundamental representation when
is increased from 2 to 6. For , our lattice simulations of , where is the Nambu-Goldstone-boson decay constant, agree with
the measured QCD value. For , this ratio shows significant
enhancement, presaging an even larger enhancement anticipated as
increases further, toward the critical value for transition from confinement to
infrared conformality.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. v2: revised version for PR
Implementation of ACTS into sPHENIX track reconstruction
sPHENIX is a high energy nuclear physics experiment under construction at the
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The
primary physics goals of sPHENIX are to study the quark-gluon-plasma, as well
as the partonic structure of protons and nuclei, by measuring jets, their
substructure, and heavy flavor hadrons in , +Au, and Au+Au
collisions. sPHENIX will collect approximately 300 PB of data over three run
periods, to be analyzed using available computing resources at BNL; thus,
performing track reconstruction in a timely manner is a challenge due to the
high occupancy of heavy ion collision events. The sPHENIX experiment has
recently implemented the A Common Tracking Software (ACTS) track reconstruction
toolkit with the goal of reconstructing tracks with high efficiency and within
a computational budget of 5 seconds per minimum bias event. This paper reports
the performance status of ACTS as the default track fitting tool within
sPHENIX, including discussion of the first implementation of a time projection
chamber geometry within ACTS
WW Scattering Parameters via Pseudoscalar Phase Shifts
Using domain-wall lattice simulations, we study pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar
scattering in the maximal isospin channel for an SU(3) gauge theory with two
and six fermion flavors in the fundamental representation. This calculation of
the S-wave scattering length is related to the next-to-leading order
corrections to WW scattering through the low-energy coefficients of the chiral
Lagrangian. While two and six flavor scattering lengths are similar for a fixed
ratio of the pseudoscalar mass to its decay constant, six-flavor scattering
shows a somewhat less repulsive next-to-leading order interaction than its
two-flavor counterpart. Estimates are made for the WW scattering parameters and
the plausibility of detection is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Roles of Aquaporins in Setaria viridis Stem Development and Sugar Storage
Setaria viridis is a C4 grass used as a model for bioenergy feedstocks. The elongating internodes in developing S. viridis stems grow from an intercalary meristem at the base, and progress acropetally toward fully expanded cells that store sugar. During stem development and maturation, water flow is a driver of cell expansion and sugar delivery. As aquaporin proteins are implicated in regulating water flow, we analyzed elongating and mature internode transcriptomes to identify putative aquaporin encoding genes that had particularly high transcript levels during the distinct stages of internode cell expansion and maturation. We observed that SvPIP2;1 was highly expressed in internode regions undergoing cell expansion, and SvNIP2;2 was highly expressed in mature sugar accumulating regions. Gene co-expression analysis revealed SvNIP2;2 expression was highly correlated with the expression of five putative sugar transporters expressed in the S. viridis internode. To explore the function of the proteins encoded by SvPIP2;1 and SvNIP2;2, we expressed them in Xenopus laevis oocytes and tested their permeability to water. SvPIP2;1 and SvNIP2;2 functioned as water channels in X. laevis oocytes and their permeability was gated by pH. Our results indicate that SvPIP2;1 may function as a water channel in developing stems undergoing cell expansion and SvNIP2;2 is a candidate for retrieving water and possibly a yet to be determined solute from mature internodes. Future research will investigate whether changing the function of these proteins influences stem growth and sugar yield in S. viridis
Positivity Constraints on Anomalies in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
The relation between the trace and R-current anomalies in supersymmetric
theories implies that the U, U and U anomalies which
are matched in studies of N=1 Seiberg duality satisfy positivity constraints.
Some constraints are rigorous and others conjectured as four-dimensional
generalizations of the Zamolodchikov -theorem. These constraints are tested
in a large number of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories in the non-Abelian
Coulomb phase, and they are satisfied in all renormalizable models with unique
anomaly-free R-current, including those with accidental symmetry. Most striking
is the fact that the flow of the Euler anomaly coefficient, , is
always positive, as conjectured by Cardy.Comment: latex, 36 page
Monocyte distribution width enhances early sepsis detection in the emergency department beyond SIRS and qSOFA
BACKGROUND: The initial presentation of sepsis in the emergency department (ED) is difficult to distinguish from other acute illnesses based upon similar clinical presentations. A new blood parameter, a measurement of increased monocyte volume distribution width (MDW), may be used in combination with other clinical parameters to improve early sepsis detection. We sought to determine if MDW, when combined with other available clinical parameters at the time of ED presentation, improves the early detection of sepsis.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical data available during the initial ED encounter of 2158 adult patients who were enrolled from emergency departments of three major academic centers, of which 385 fulfilled Sepsis-2 criteria, and 243 fulfilled Sepsis-3 criteria within 12 h of admission. Sepsis probabilities were determined based on MDW values, alone or in combination with components of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) score obtained during the initial patient presentation (i.e., within 2 h of ED admission).
RESULTS: Abnormal MDW (\u3e 20.0) consistently increased sepsis probability, and normal MDW consistently reduced sepsis probability when used in combination with SIRS criteria (tachycardia, tachypnea, abnormal white blood count, or body temperature) or qSOFA criteria (tachypnea, altered mental status, but not hypotension). Overall, and regardless of other SIRS or qSOFA variables, MDW \u3e 20.0 (vs. MDW ≤ 20.0) at the time of the initial ED encounter was associated with an approximately 6-fold increase in the odds of Sepsis-2, and an approximately 4-fold increase in the odds of Sepsis-3.
CONCLUSIONS: MDW improves the early detection of sepsis during the initial ED encounter and is complementary to SIRS and qSOFA parameters that are currently used for this purpose. This study supports the incorporation of MDW with other readily available clinical parameters during the initial ED encounter for the early detection of sepsis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03145428. First posted May 9, 2017. The first subjects were enrolled June 19, 2017, and the study completion date was January 26, 2018
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