La técnica del cultivo sin suelo y su contribución al mejoramiento tecnológico de la agricultura bajo cubierta: Un análisis bibliométrico.

The use of soilless cropping systems (SCS) in cover crop agriculture has become very popular mainly because it allows the intensification of horticultural production in many regions of the world. Likewise, this type of cropping system generates some productive, social, and environmental benefits, characteristics that are increasingly demanded and sought after in agriculture, under the current scenario of population increase and environmental crisis. SCS in Latin America have not been massively implemented by producers, due to various social and economic factors. However, greenhouse agriculture established in natural soil is highly vulnerable, due to the loss of physical and chemical quality of the soil where the greenhouse is established and, in turn, due to the more frequent and severe attack of pests and diseases that originate in the soil. Therefore, one of the technological alternatives to be explored at the local and regional level is the use of SCS. For this, it is necessary to have as much information as possible on this topic in general. The objective of this work was to develop a bibliometric analysis of the scientific information available to date on greenhouse SCS focused on horticulture in general. The results showed that there are 120 scientific papers generated from 1998 to 2022 by a total of 160 authors, the documents come mainly from countries such as the Netherlands, the United States and Italy, among the relevant research trends in SCS are topics associated with the efficient use of water and fertilizers, automatic irrigation control and the evaluation of the environmental impact of this technology.El uso de sistemas de cultivo sin suelo (SCS) en la agricultura bajo cubierta, se ha vuelto muy popular principalmente, porque permite la intensificación de la producción hortícola en muchas regiones del mundo. Así mismo este tipo de sistemas de cultivo, generan algunos beneficios productivos, sociales y ambientales, características que son cada vez más demandas y buscadas en la agricultura, bajo el escenario actual de aumento poblacional y crisis ambiental. Los SCS en Latinoamérica no se han implementado de forma masiva por los productores, debido a diversos factores sociales y económicos. Sin embargo, la agricultura bajo invernadero establecida en suelo natural es altamente vulnerable, debido a la pérdida de calidad física y química del suelo donde se establece el invernadero y a su vez por el ataque más frecuente y severo de plagas y enfermedades que tienen su origen en el suelo. Por lo tanto, una de las alternativas tecnológicas que se deben explorar a nivel local y regional es el uso de SCS. Para esto es necesario contar con la mayor cantidad información posible sobre esta temática en general. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar un análisis bibliométrico de la información científica disponible a la fecha en SCS bajo invernadero enfocados a la horticultura en general. Los resultados encontrados arrojaron que existen 120 documentos científicos generados desde 1998 a 2022 por un total de 160 autores, los documentos provienen principalmente de países como Holanda, Estados Unidos e Italia, entre las tendencias de investigación relevantes en SCS se encuentran temas asociados al uso eficiente del agua y fertilizantes, el control automático del riego y la evaluación del impacto ambiental de esta tecnología

Análisis sobre la actividad científica referente a las estrategias de climatización pasiva usada en invernaderos: Parte 2: análisis técnico

Agricultural production of greenhouse crops is becoming increasingly important worldwide, and this is no exception in Latin America and the Caribbean, where every year the areas under this cultivation system grow in surface area and crop diversity. Likewise, the effects of climate change or of some climate variability phenomena, cause that in the interior of the main greenhouse structures implemented in some occasions, inadequate microclimate conditions are generated for the growth and development of plants, affecting crop yields and therefore the sustainability of this type of food production systems. It is also important to mention that in some underdeveloped countries, due to local economic conditions, it is not possible to implement active climate control systems. Likewise, in developed countries where this practice has been established for more than 4 decades, there is a permanent interest in reducing the use of fossil fuels associated with climate control practices due to the economic and environmental cost. Therefore, in recent years, technological innovations that allow the implementation of passive climate control systems for greenhouse climate control have gained importance. In this work, a compilation of more than 350 studies developed worldwide since 2005 was carried out, from each of these works the relevant technical information was rescued and analyzed. The results found allowed us to identify that the use of these systems can increase the production of vegetables such as tomatoes by more than 35% and reduce the use of fossil fuels by more than 50%, which generates lower economic and environmental costs, contributing to the sustainability of food production.La producción agrícola en cultivos bajo invernadero cobra cada mas relevancia a nivel mundial, esto no es una excepción en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, donde cada año las áreas bajo este sistema de cultivo, crecen en superficie y en diversidad de cultivos. Así mismo los efectos del cambio climático o de algunos fenómenos de variabilidad climática, propician que en el interior de las principales estructuras de invernadero implementadas en algunas ocasiones se generen condiciones de microclima inadecuadas para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, afectado los rendimientos de los cultivos y por ende en la sostenibilidad de este tipo de sistemas de producción de alimentos. También es importante mencionar que, en algunos países subdesarrollados debido a la condición económica local, no es posible la implementación de sistemas de climatización activa, así mismo en países desarrollados donde esta practica ya esta establecida hace mas de 4 décadas, existe un interés permanente de reducir el uso de combustibles fósiles asociados a prácticas de climatización debido al costo económico y ambiental. Por lo tanto, en los últimos años han cobrado importancia las innovaciones tecnológicas que permiten la implementación de sistemas de climatización pasiva para la adecuación microclimatica de invernaderos. En este trabajo se realizó una recopilación de mas de 350 estudios desarrollados a nivel mundial desde el año 2005, de cado uno de estos trabajos se rescató y analizo la información técnica relevante. Los resultados encontrados permitieron identificar que el uso de estos sistemas puede aumentar la producción de hortalizas como el tomate en mas de un 35% y permiten reducir el uso de combustibles fósiles en mas del 50%, lo cual genera menores costos económico y ambientales, contribuyendo como tala a la sostenibilidad de la producción de alimentos

Análisis sobre la actividad científica referente a las estrategias de climatización pasiva usada en invernaderos: Parte 1: Análisis bibliométrico

In order to guarantee food security, under the current and future scenario of population growth and lack of resources for production, the agricultural sector has interesting challenges, including the development of innovative and sustainable techniques to increase food production. Among these techniques, one of the most widely used worldwide is the production of food under greenhouses; however, in the tropical region, this cultivation practice must be technified in order to provide the plants with an optimal microclimate for growth and development. One of the main problems of greenhouses used in countries of the tropical region is their low technological level and low energy efficiency, which prevents the development of conventional heating and cooling. However, in recent years in countries such as China, Turkey, United Kingdom, Spain, among others, strategies have been developed to carry out air conditioning activities without the use of fossil fuels. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the scientific information published between 2005 and 2021 using bibliometric techniques. The results obtained allowed finding a total of 397 academic publications of different types, generated in more than 40 countries, with China as the leading country in scientific production. It was also found that the energy sources and mechanisms for heating greenhouses are diverse, highlighting the use of solar and geothermal energy as one of the topics of greatest experimentation.Para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria, bajo el escenario actual y futuro de aumento poblacional y escasez de recursos para la producción, el sector agrícola tiene retos interesantes dentro de los cuales cabe mencionar el desarrollo de técnicas innovadoras y sostenibles para aumentar la producción de alimentos. Dentro de estas técnicas a nivel mundial, una de las practicas más utilizadas es la producción de alimentos bajo invernaderos. Sin embargo, en la región tropical esta práctica de cultivo debe ser tecnificada con el fin de brindar a las plantas un microclima óptimo para el crecimiento y desarrollo. Una de las principales problemáticas de los invernaderos usados en países de la región tropical es su escaso nivel tecnológico y baja eficiencia energética, lo cual impide desarrollar labores de calefacción y enfriamiento de forma convencional. Sin embargo, en los últimos años en países como China, Turquía, Reino Unido, España, entre otros, se han venido desarrollando estrategias para realizar actividades de climatización sin el uso de combustibles fósiles. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar mediante técnicas bibliométricas el análisis de la información científica publicada entre 2005 y 2021. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron encontrar un total de 397 publicaciones académicas de diversa tipología, generadas en más de 40 países, con China como país líder de la producción científica. Así mismo, se encontró que las fuentes y mecanismos energéticos para climatizar los invernaderos son diversos, destacándose el uso de energía solar y geotérmica como uno de los tópicos de mayor experimentación

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Computer-aided design of a natural ventilation climate control system for high Andean tropical greenhouses

ilustraciones, diagramas, fotografíasEsta tesis se propuso abordar el desafío de diseñar y evaluar un sistema de climatización para optimizar el microclima de un invernadero tipo capilla con doble ventilación fija construido en el centro de investigación Tibaitata de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Agrosavia. Un análisis técnico y bibliométrico del estado del arte en estrategias de climatización para invernaderos. Adicionalmente se identificó la demanda energética de este invernadero y se evaluaron estrategias de optimización microclimática usando dinámica de fluidos computacional y seguimiento experimental en campo. Para cuantificar la demanda energética necesaria, se utilizó un modelo dinámico de balance de energía, considerando la presencia de heladas. El diseño propuesto incluye una pantalla térmica estratégicamente ubicada en el techo y dos paredes, junto con agua en un sistema de tubería negra en el suelo para maximizar la inercia térmica. Esta configuración busca optimizar la eficiencia energética sin depender de fuentes externas, asegurando condiciones microclimáticas ideales para el crecimiento de los cultivos. La evaluación experimental involucró mediciones de temperatura del suelo, de la cubierta, del aire y humedad relativa dentro del invernadero, así como la velocidad del viento, radiación, temperatura y humedad relativa en el exterior. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que existe un interés activo por el uso de la energía solar y su almacenamiento, especialmente para su aprovechamiento en la condición más crítica, para lo cual se enfocó el modelo dinámico de bance de energía en las perdidas bajo la condición de helada, la aplicación de climatización generó un comportamiento térmico favorable con potenciales mejoras que fueron posible analizar gracias al uso de CFD. Estos resultados respaldan la eficacia del sistema diseñado en la mejora de las condiciones microclimáticas, subrayando su potencial para contribuir a la sostenibilidad y eficiencia en la producción agrícola bajo estructuras protegidas.This thesis aimed to address the challenge of designing and evaluating a climate control system to optimize the microclimate of a chapel-type greenhouse with double fixed ventilation, built at the Tibaitata research center of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research - Agrosavia. A technical and bibliometric analysis of the state of the art in greenhouse climate control strategies was conducted. Additionally, the energy demand of this greenhouse was identified, and microclimatic optimization strategies were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics and experimental field monitoring. To quantify the required energy demand, a dynamic energy balance model was employed, considering the occurrence of frost. The proposed design includes a thermal screen strategically located on the roof and two walls, along with water in a black pipe system on the ground to maximize thermal inertia. This configuration aims to optimize energy efficiency without relying on external sources, ensuring ideal microclimatic conditions for crop growth. The experimental evaluation involved measurements of soil temperature, cover temperature, air temperature, and relative humidity inside the greenhouse, as well as wind speed, radiation, temperature, and relative humidity outside. The results revealed active interest in the use of solar energy and its storage, especially for utilization in critical conditions, focusing the dynamic energy balance model on losses under frost conditions. The application of climate control generated favorable thermal behavior with potential improvements that were possible to analyze through the use of CFD. These findings support the effectiveness of the designed system in improving microclimatic conditions, emphasizing its potential to contribute to sustainability and efficiency in agricultural production under protected structures.CORPORACIÓN COLOMBIANA DE INVESTIGACIÓN AGROPECUARIA - AGROSAVIAMaestríaMagíster en Ingeniería - Ingeniería de Biosistemas2. Metodología 2.1. Análisis técnico y bibliométrico del estado del arte 2.2. Identificación de la demanda energética del invernadero en estudio 2.2.1. Descripción del invernadero en estudio 2.2.2. Consideraciones para el sistema de climatización 2.2.3. Definición de la demanda energética durante heladas con un modelo dinámico de balance de energía 2.3. Diseño mediante el uso de dinámica de fluidos computacional de un sistema de climatización para el invernadero en estudio 30 2.3.1. Configuración del modelo numérico en CFD 2.3.2. Simulación y optimización del sistema 2.3.3. Coeficientes de transferencia de calor calculados, temperatura superficial del sistema de tubería y condiciones climáticas externa 2.3.4. Independencia y calidad de la malla 2.4. Evaluación experimental 2.4.1. Recopilación de datos climáticos, micro climáticos y del sistema de climatización 2.4.2. Análisis estadísticoConstrucciones e infraestructura rural y bioclimátic

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat