Presencia mallorquina en el golfo de Cádiz y Sevilla (1248-1349)

El comercio entre los reinos de Mallorca y Castilla estuvo marcado por la batalla permanente de los reyes castellanos por reducir al mínimo las transacciones comerciales isleñas con granadinos y benimerines. El tráfico comercial entre Sevilla y Mallorca tuvo como puertos de apoyo los de Sanlúcar de Barrameda y Cádiz. Tras su conquista en 1344 hasta su recuperación por los granadinos en 1368, Algeciras se convirtió, en perjuicio de Cádiz, en el centro logístico de los mallorquines

Puertos y fondeadores de la Bahía Palmesana en la Edad Media

They present the different anchoring-places of the Majorcan bay between the XIth and XIVth century. From the Cabo Blanco to that of Cala Figuera, the Arenal, Portitxol, Palma, Portopí, Illetas or La Porrasa give service to the nautical needs of the villages that will shape the Balearic history. Likewise, ther is analyzed the dynamics and Palma-Portopi’s port infrastructure by his agents: the guardians of the port.They present the different anchoring-places of the Majorcan bay between the XIth and XIVth century. From the Cabo Blanco to that of Cala Figuera, the Arenal, Portitxol, Palma, Portopí, Illetas or La Porrasa give service to the nautical needs of the villages that will shape the Balearic history. Likewise, ther is analyzed the dynamics and Palma-Portopi’s port infrastructure by his agents: the guardians of the port

Mallorca y la importación de trigo atlántico (1230-1350)

The study of food habits and its sources of supply have mainly focused on the Mediterranean area, neglecting other regions. The following study offers a new framework in which the Atlantic world, always throughout the complex geographical passage of the Strait of Gibraltar, becomes a basic source of grain supply for the kingdom of Majorca.El estudio de los hábitos alimentarios y sus fuentes de aprovisionamiento se mueven sustancialmente en el ámbito mediterráneo, obviando otras regiones. El presente artículo abre un nuevo marco en el que el mundo atlántico, atravesando el siempre complejo espacio geográfico del estrecho del Gibraltar, deviene en fuente primordial del abastecimiento frumentario del reino de Mallorca

Donación de Sancho I de Mallorca de un antiguo cementerio judío a la ciudad de Mallorca

En 1319 Sancho I de Mallorca dona a la ciudad y a los Jurados de Mallorca unos terrenos, antiguo cementerio judío, para la construcción de una nueva atarazana. Esta donación se enmarca en la política de la monarquía mallorquína destinada a favorecer a sus subditos para poder hacer frente a la presión ejercida por Pedro el Ceremonioso para reincorporar el Reino de Mallorca a la Corona de Aragón.In 1319 Sancho I of Majorca done to the City and to Sworns of Majorca some terrains, ancient cemetery jew, for the construction of a new shipyard. This donation was framed in the politics of the monarchy of Majorca destined to favor to the subjects to be able to stand up against the pressure exercised by Peter the Ceremonious for to join the Reign of Majorca to Crown of Aragón

Viajes a Flandes e Inglaterra : ¿cabotaje o recta via?

El inicio de ios viajes atlánticos de los marinos del Mediterráneo hacia Flandes e Inglaterra se produce en la segunda mitad del siglo XIII mediante los viajes directos entre Galicia y la Bretaña francesa. Sin embargo, la navegación de cabotaje no se producirá hasta la primera mitad del siglo XIV.The beginning of the Atlantic voyages of the marines of the Mediterranean toward Flanders and England, came about during the second half of the XIII century by means of the direct voyages between Galicia and the French Brittany. Whereas the coasting trade navigation was not standarized until the first half of the XIV century

El trabajo femenino en Mallorca : la labor de la mujer en la actividad marítima de la primera mitad del siglo XIV

La participación de la mujer en la actividad marítima y comercial de Mallorca está todavía pendiente de estudio. Este trabajo muestra algunos trazos de dicha actividad tanto en el puerto de Palma como en los puertos atlánticos.The participation of the woman in the marine and commercial activity of Majorca is still pending of study. This work as much shows some outlines of this activity in the port of Palma like in the Atlantic ports

Del Mediterráneo al Atlántico: apertura / reapertura del estrecho de Gibraltar en la Edad Media. Estado de la cuestión

Hito del comercio internacional en el Medievo, se ha debatido entre apertura o reapertura, y lo que ello implica, del intercambio mercante vía estrecho de Gibraltar. Comercio en el que Mallorca jugará un papel decisivo, analizado por la Historiografía.Milestone of the internacional trade in the Middle Age, there has been debated between opening or reopening, and what it implies, of the merchant exchange for the strait of Gibraltar. Trade in which Majorca will play a decisive paper analyzed by the Historiography

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio