Primeros auxilios en edad infantil

Se recogen los primeros auxilios básicos a llevar a cabo en la edad infantil.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Oregano essential oil-pectin edible films as anti-quorum sensing and food antimicrobial agents

Edible films can be used as carriers for antimicrobial compounds to assure food safety andquality; in addition, pathogenesis of food bacteria is related to a cell to cell communicationmechanism calledquorum sensing(QS). Oregano essential oil (OEO) has proved to beuseful as food antimicrobial; however, its foodapplications can be compromised by thevolatile character of its active constituents.Therefore, formulation of edible films containingOEO can be an alternative to improve its food usages. QS inhibitory activity of OEO andpectin-OEO films was evaluated usingChromobacterium violaceumas bacterial model.Additionally, antibacterial activity was tested againstEscherichia coliO157:H7,SalmonellaCholeraesuis,Staphylococcus aureus,andListeria monocytogenes. OEO was effective toinhibit bacterial growth at MIC of 0.24 mg/mL for all tested bacteria and MBC of 0.24,0.24, 0.48, and 0.24 mg/mL againstE. coliO157:H7,S.Choleraesuis,S. aureus, andL.monocytogenes, respectively. Pectin-films incorporated with 36.1 and 25.9 mg/mL of OEOshowed inhibition diameters of 16.3 and 15.2 mm forE. coliO157:H7; 18.1 and 24.2 mm forS.Choleraesuis; 20.8 and 20.3 mm forS. aureus; 21.3 and 19.3 mm forL. monocytogenes,respectively. Pectin-OEO film (15.7 mg/mL) was effective againstE. coliO157:H7 (9.3 mm),S. aureus(9.7 mm), andL. monocytogenes(9.2 mm), but not forS.Choleraesuis. Allconcentrations of OEO (0.0156, 0.0312, 0.0625 and 0.125 mg/mL) and pectin-OEO films(15.7, 25.9 and 36.1 mg/mL) showed a significant anti-QS activity expressed as inhibition ofviolacein production byC. violaceum. Additionally, the application of pectin-OEO films waseffective reducing total coliforms, yeast, and molds of shrimp and cucumber slices storedat 4◦C during 15 d.These results demonstrated the potential of pectin films enriched withOEO as food related microorganisms and QS inhibitorsFil: Alvarez, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ortega Ramirez, Luis Alberto. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Gutierrez Pacheco, Maria Melissa. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Bernal Mercado, Thalia. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Rodriguez Garcia, Isela. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; MéxicoFil: Ponce, Alejandra Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Moreira, Maria del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Roura, Sara Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería En Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Ayala Zavala, Jesús Fernando. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo. Hermosillo; Méxic

MODELACIÓN MATEMÁTICA Y SIMULACIÓN COMPUTACIONAL DEL PROCESO DE LODO ACTIVADO CON PROGRAMACIÓN ORIENTADA A OBJETOS

The project carried out to write this article was made in order to formulate a mathematical model that allows the design of a wastewater treatment plant that includes an activated sludge process, and another mathematical model to simulate the activated sludge process using the DiSimuLAc application. . For this purpose, the most important units in a wastewater treatment plant, their characteristics and design were analyzed for their subsequent computational implementation, taking as units for preliminary treatment: Roughing, De-sanding and Elimination of Fats and oils. Regarding the Activated Sludge process, a detailed analysis of the process, its stages, configurations and the corresponding mathematical description was carried out. The settler that is part of this process was sized according to the characterization of the final effluent from the plant. DiSimuLAc is the application obtained from the computational implementation of the models that was carried out in Borland® Delphi® for Microsoft® Windows ™ Version 10.0.2288.42451 from Borland® Software Corporation distributed as Turbo Delphi. This project brings great advances in the field of environmental engineering for both students and teachers since a software was created with the installation CD of the DiSimuLAc application and with its respective user manual, this application simplifies the calculations and allows a development effective design of a wastewater treatment plant with Activated Sludge and the simulation of this process.El proyecto realizado para escribir este artículo se hizo con el fin de formular un modelo matemático que permite diseñar una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales que incluye un proceso de lodo activado, y otro modelo matemático para simular el proceso de lodo activado mediante la aplicación DiSimuLAc. Para tal fin se analizaron las unidades de mayor importancia en una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales, sus características y diseño para su posterior implementación computacional tomando como unidades para tratamiento preliminar: Desbaste, Desarenado y Eliminación de Grasas y aceites. En cuanto al proceso de Lodo Activado se realizó un análisis detallado del proceso, sus etapas, configuraciones y la descripción matemática correspondiente. El sedimentador que forma parte de este proceso se dimensionó de acuerdo a la caracterización del efluente final de la planta. DiSimuLAc es la aplicación obtenida de la implementación computacional de los modelos que se realizó en Borland® Delphi® for Microsoft® Windows™ Versión 10.0.2288.42451 de Borland® Software Corporation distribuido como Turbo Delphi. Este proyecto trae consigo grandes avances en el campo de la ingeniería ambiental tanto para estudiantes como profesores ya que se creó un software con el cd de instalación de la aplicación DiSimuLAc y con su respectivo manual del usuario, esta aplicación simplifica los cálculos y permiten un desarrollo eficaz del diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales con Lodo Activado y la simulación de este proceso

A importância dos meios de comunicação na promoção do direito à educação e à informação

O direito à educação e à informação são direitos fundamentais em democracia. Saber se os direito à educação e à informação e ao conhecimento se concretizam pela consagração constitucional do direito à educação e como é possível encontrá-lo consagrado, quer ao nível do direito interno dos Estados quer ao nível do direito da União Europeia é hoje da maior pertinência, com os direitos fundamentais na agenda política. O objetivo desta análise é demonstrar que o papel da comunicação social é crucial, e que a UE promove ativamente a educação, investigação e inovação. Estas são as vias para promover o desenvolvimento com base no crescimento do emprego e da coesão social. Os meios de comunicação social podem dar um contributo fundamental para enfrentar problemas importantes ligados ao crescimento económico e este vector vem mesmo consagrado no âmbito da estratégia global do programa Europa 2020. Na dimensão nacional portuguesa, o direito à educação e informação é apresentado como um direito cultural da Constituição. Já no direito de vertente europeia, o direito à educação surge em protocolo da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem de 1950 e é consagrado na Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia. Em qualquer dos casos há uma dimensão positiva neste direito que envolve a intervenção dos Estados, e os meios de comunicação social podem ter um papel relevante neste âmbito. Atendendo aos pressupostos e objetivos delineados acima, e considerando a natureza embrionária deste estudo, foi desenhada uma metodologia que aborda a revisão da literatura sobre os vários temas abordados, com especial enfoque na questão da educação e informação. Dedutivamente, será assim possível inferir o contributo do direito interno e europeu bem como da comunicação social para a concretização deste desiderato. O estado da arte, de pendor teórico-académico, será consolidado através da interpretação normativa sistemática e metodologicamente selecionada dos textos legais e de textos informativos emanados pelos meios de comunicação

Inflammatory biomarkers and brain health indicators in children with overweight and obesity: The ActiveBrains project

INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation plays an important role on the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as on brain function and behaviour. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between inflammatory biomarkers and a wide range of brain health indicators (i.e., academic performance, executive function, behavioural and emotional functioning, and brain volume) in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS: A total of 107 children (10.0 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) from the ActiveBrains project were included in the analysis. Five inflammatory biomarkers were analysed in plasma: white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Academic performance was assessed by Woodcock-Munoz Tests of Achievement. Executive function was assessed through the Design Fluency Test for cognitive flexibility, the Stroop test for cognitive inhibition, and the Delayed Non-Match-to-Sample task for working memory. Behavioural and emotional functioning was evaluated through the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) questionnaire. Total and regional brain volume was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: IL-6 was inversely associated with adaptive skills (beta = -0.228; p = 0.030), while TNF-alpha was related to mathematics (beta = -0.198; p = 0.034). In addition, CRP was positively associated with externalizing (beta = 0.246; p = 0.046) and internalizing problems (beta = 0.234; p = 0.039), as well as the behavioural symptoms index (beta = 0.236; p = 0.047). However, these significant associations disappeared after multiple comparisons correction. Inflammatory biomarkers were not associated with executive function and total brain volumes. Regarding regional brain analyses, WBC was positively associated with gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus (beta = 0.387; p < 0.001, k = 44), and CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (beta = 0.439; p < 0.001, k = 29). Additionally, when adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was positively associated with gray matter volume in the right supplementary motor cortex (beta = 0.453; p < 0.001, k = 51). Moreover, both, IL-6 (beta = 0.366; p < 0.001, k = 81) and TNF-alpha (beta = 0.368; p < 0.001, k = 62) were positively associated with white matter volume around the right inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, while CRP was inversely associated with white matter volume around the left superior frontal gyrus (beta = -0.482; p < 0.001, k = 82). After adjusting by total brain volume, CRP was also inversely associated with white matter volume in 3 additional clusters (beta ranging from -0.473 to -0.404; p < 0.001, k = 87). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation was slightly associated with brain health (i.e., academic performance, behavioural and emotional functioning and regional brain volume) in children with overweight or obesity. Further larger longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to elucidate the short-term and long-term effect of systemic low-grade inflammation on children's brain health

Percepción del profesorado de las aulas multigrado desde una perspectiva DAFO

Las aulas multigrado son habituales en los centros educativos rurales, aunque en la actualidad están en peligro de desaparición debido a la baja natalidad y el efecto de la España vaciada. La investigación realizada presenta la opinión sobre estas aulas, ofrecida por docentes de dos provincias de Castilla y León (España). El objetivo ha sido analizar las ventajas, inconvenientes y los factores que favorecen o entorpecen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las aulas que presentan estas características. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, a través de cuestionarios semiestructurados, enmarcados dentro de una estructura DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades). Se realizó un análisis de contenido con el programa MAXQDA 12. Los hallazgos indican que la percepción del profesorado en relación a las aulas multigrado es positiva, donde los inconvenientes están vinculados a las ventajas, consideran que las características del entorno proporcionan grandes oportunidades, ofreciendo una mayor contextualización de los aprendizajes significativos y funcionales; y los mismos factores que amenazan al mundo rural afectan a su escuela. Es importante potenciar la calidad y supervivencia de estas aulas para lo cual se ofrecen diferentes claves. Palabras clave: escuela rural; aulas multigrado; diseño cualitativo; percepción profesorado; maxqd

Percepción del profesorado de las aulas multigrado desde una perspectiva DAFO

Las aulas multigrado son habituales en los centros educativos rurales, aunque en la actualidad están en peligro de desaparición debido a la baja natalidad y el efecto de la España vaciada. La investigación realizada presenta la opinión sobre estas aulas, ofrecida por docentes de dos provincias de Castilla y León (España). El objetivo ha sido analizar las ventajas, inconvenientes y los factores que favorecen o entorpecen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las aulas que presentan estas características. Para ello, se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, a través de cuestionarios semiestructurados, enmarcados dentro de una estructura DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades). Se realizó un análisis de contenido con el programa MAXQDA 12. Los hallazgos indican que la percepción del profesorado en relación a las aulas multigrado es positiva, donde los inconvenientes están vinculados a las ventajas, consideran que las características del entorno proporcionan grandes oportunidades, ofreciendo una mayor contextualización de los aprendizajes significativos y funcionales; y los mismos factores que amenazan al mundo rural afectan a su escuela. Es importante potenciar la calidad y supervivencia de estas aulas para lo cual se ofrecen diferentes claves

Hypoxia compromises the mitochondrial metabolism of Alzheimer’s disease microglia via HIF1

Genetic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk factors associate with reduced defensive amyloid β plaque-associated microglia (AβAM), but the contribution of modifiable AD risk factors to microglial dysfunction is unknown. In AD mouse models, we observe concomitant activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) pathway and transcription of mitochondrial-related genes in AβAM, and elongation of mitochondria, a cellular response to maintain aerobic respiration under low nutrient and oxygen conditions. Overactivation of HIF1 induces microglial quiescence in cellulo, with lower mitochondrial respiration and proliferation. In vivo, overstabilization of HIF1, either genetically or by exposure to systemic hypoxia, reduces AβAM clustering and proliferation and increases Aβ neuropathology. In the human AD hippocampus, upregulation of HIF1α and HIF1 target genes correlates with reduced Aβ plaque microglial coverage and an increase of Aβ plaque-associated neuropathology. Thus, hypoxia (a modifiable AD risk factor) hijacks microglial mitochondrial metabolism and converges with genetic susceptibility to cause AD microglial dysfunction.Instituto de Salud Carlos III CD09/0007, PI18/01556, PI18/01557Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte FPU14/02115, AP2010‐1598, FPU16/02050, FPU15/02898, BES-2010-033886Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad SAF2012‐33816, SAF2015‐64111‐R, SAF2017-90794-REDT, PIE13/0004, BFU2016-76872-R, BES-2011-047721Junta de Andalucía P12‐CTS‐2138, P12‐CTS‐2232, UMA18-FEDERJA-211, US‐126273

2-Hydroxyoleate, a nontoxic membrane binding anticancer drug, induces glioma cell differentiation and autophagy

Despite recent advances in the development of new cancer therapies, the treatment options for glioma remain limited, and the survival rate of patients has changed little over the past three decades. Here, we show that 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA) induces differentiation and autophagy of human glioma cells. Compared to the current reference drug for this condition, temozolomide (TMZ), 2OHOA combated glioma more efficiently and, unlike TMZ, tumor relapse was not observed following 2OHOA treatment. The novel mechanism of action of 2OHOA is associated with important changes in membrane-lipid composition, primarily a recovery of sphingomyelin (SM) levels, which is markedly low in glioma cells before treatment. Parallel to membrane-lipid regulation, treatment with 2OHOA induced a dramatic translocation of Ras from the membrane to the cytoplasm, which inhibited the MAP kinase pathway, reduced activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and downregulated Cyclin D-CDK4/6 proteins followed by hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (RB). These regulatory effects were associated with induction of glioma cell differentiation into mature glial cells followed by autophagic cell death. Given its high efficacy, low toxicity, ease of oral administration, and good distribution to the brain, 2OHOA constitutes a new and potentially valuable therapeutic tool for glioma patients