Noção e posição sobre eutanásia de médicos e enfermeiros num hospital público em Santiago do Chile

Purpose/Background. To explore the notion of euthanasia and the positions and beliefs of doctors and nurses considering that a discussion about euthanasia requires knowing the notions of those who care for patients at the end of life. Methodology/Approach. Within a qualitative design, interviews were conducted with 11 professionals from a Chilean hospital. A content analysis was made and was triangulate by researchers. Results/Findings. Etymological, ethical-legal and operational notions of euthanasia are distinguished. Core aspects of euthanasia -non-curative disease, suffering, voluntariness and the medical context- raise questions that must be addressed. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. It is necessary to install the topic in the health teams and generate socio-normative ethical-legal agreements that remove the weight of the decisions in the individuals or professional teams.Próposito/Contexto. El estudio se propone explorar la concepción de la eutanasia en los discursos de médicos y enfermeras, sus aspectos constitutivos, posturas y creencias, considerando que para avanzar en la discusión sobre la eutanasia se requiere conocer las nociones de quienes atienden al paciente al final de la vida. Metodología/Enfoque. Diseño cualitativo con análisis de contenido triangulado por las investigadoras, de 11 entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de un hospital chileno. Resultados/Hallazgos. Se distinguen nociones etimológicas, ético-legales y operacionales de la eutanasia, además, los aspectos constitutivos (enfermedad no curativa, sufrimiento, voluntariedad y contexto médico) generan interrogantes que deben atenderse. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Es necesario instalar el tema en los equipos de salud y generar acuerdos socionormativos y ético-legales que sustraigan el peso de las decisiones en los individuos o los equipos profesionales.Finalidade/Contexto. O estudo visa explorar a concepção da eutanásia nos discursos de médicos e enfermeiros, os seus aspectos constituintes, posições e crenças, considerando que para avançar a discussão sobre a eutanásia é necessário conhecer as noções daqueles que cuidam do doente no fim da vida. Metodologia/Aproximação. Concepção qualitativa com análise de conteúdo triangulada pelos investigadores, de 11 entrevistas em profundidade com profissionais de um hospital chileno. Resultados/Descobertas. Distinguem-se noções etimológicas, ético-legais e operacionais de eutanásia, e os aspectos constitutivos (doença não curativa, sofrimento, voluntariedade e contexto médico) levantam questões que precisam de ser abordadas. Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. É necessário levantar a questão nas equipas de saúde e gerar acordos sócio-normativos e ético-jurídicos que eliminem o peso da tomada de decisões de indivíduos ou equipas profissionais

Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (RBC) en centros de atención primaria en Chil

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS: Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.OBJETIVO: Describir el estado de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad en Chile. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo. El universo estuvo conformado por los 66 centros comunitarios de rehabilitación de la Región Metropolitana de Chile que implementaron la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad hasta diciembre de 2016. El muestreo tuvo intención censal, por lo que se contactaron todos los centros comunitarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado diseñado con base a la matriz de Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El cuestionario fue respondido on-line por los coordinadores de la estrategia en sus respectivos centros. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando estadígrafos descriptivos. RESULTADOS: Se identificó un nivel heterogéneo de implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad, específicamente en cuanto a los componentes de la matriz descrita por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El componente más implementado fue Salud; los componentes Social, Subsistencia y Fortalecimiento fueron medianamente implementados; y el componente Educación fue el menos implementado. CONCLUSIÓN: La implementación de la Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad se basa principalmente en el componente Salud. Se requiere aumentar el nivel de implementación de los otros componentes de la matriz, así como de estrategias interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales para lograr una mayor inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad

Daño a otros por causa del alcohol: la contribución de las variables socioculturales

This paper describes the changes in alcohol research, from a traditional individual focus on individual bodily and mental effects, to a broader focus on harm to others. This shift has coincided with broader sequential definitions of the progression from normal through harmful alcohol dependence, both in the specialized epidemiological and also in the newer classificatory systems (DSM 5 and CIE 11 draft). After presenting updated global, regional and chilean data, an international collaborative Project (Alcohol Harm to Others, ATOH) is described, with the participating institutions: the local study and the chilean components of the research team, the conceptual framework of harm to others (families, children, women; neighbors, friends, co-workers; society at large). Ethical aspects and institutional approval are presented and the principal results outlined: socio-demographic data (with special focus on the role of gender, socio-economic level and religiosity/spirituality). The data is presented for the chilean sample, with examples from other participating countries. The complexity of the link between alcohol harm to others and religious and spiritual factors is studied comparing data from several of the participating countries, and the impact upon vulnerable populations, especially women and children. The discussion reviews some of the confounding and intervening factors that could influence the results. The conclusion about prevention and policy development closes the pape

Qualitative impact of a training program on depressive disorders for primary care physicians Impacto de una capacitación en trastornos depresivos para medicos generales de atención primaria en salud. Resultados cualitativos

© 2015, Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved. Background: There are suggestions that, despite training efforts for Primary Health Care physicians, difficulties in making accurate diagnoses and timely treatments persist. Aim: To evaluate the impact of a new training model in Depressive disorders integrated with Mindful Practice, on the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of primary care general physicians. Material and Methods: A voluntary sample of 56 general physicians was studied. The design of this study was experimental and randomized, with two groups attending theoretical sessions followed by differing workshops that were carried out in a parallel fashion. The Quantitative phase of this study considered measuring the impact of training in physician’s skills. The Qualitative phase included nine semi-structured interviews and Qualitative Content Analysis. This paper reports the results of the interviews. Results: As a consequence of training sessions, physicians learned t

Clinical skills of chilean general practitioners for the management of depressive disorders Habilidades clínicas para el manejo de trastornos depresivos en medicos generales en Santiago de Chile

© 2016, Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All right reserved.Background: Diverse and sustained efforts have been developed to improve the management of depression by general practitioners (GPs), but they have not improved treatment coverage and quality of services. Aim: To explore the level of knowledge and clinical skills to diagnose and treat depression by GPs in Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago de Chile (RM). Material and Methods: Theoretical knowledge (TK), diagnostic skills (DS) and treatment skills (TS) were evaluated in 56 GPs of the RM with a battery of specially designed instruments. Results: In TK there were significant differences between GPs aged 31 years or less and their older counterparts and between Chilean and foreign doctors. Five percent of observed differences in TK were explained by age and nationality, respectively. Chilean GPs achieved higher scores in recognition of symptoms (RS), one of the dimensions of DS. No significant differences

Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) in primary care centers in Chile

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation status of the Community-Based Rehabilitation in Chile. METHODS: Quantitative, transversal and descriptive study. The scope was constituted by the 66 community-based rehabilitation centers in the Chilean Metropolitan Region that implemented Community-Based Rehabilitation until December 2016. The sampling was based on a census method, so all the community centers were contacted. A self-administered questionnaire designed based on the Community-Based Rehabilitation matrix defined by the World Health Organization was applied. The questionnaire was answered on-line by the coordinators of the strategy in their respective centers. The data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A heterogeneous level of implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation was identified, specifically in terms of the components of the matrix described by the World Health Organization. The most implemented component was Health; the Social, Livelihood and Empowerment components were moderately implemented; and the Education component was the least implemented. CONCLUSION: The implementation of Community-Based Rehabilitation is mainly based on the Health component. The level implementation of the other components of the matrix needs to be increased, as well as interdisciplinary and intersectoral strategies to achieve greater social inclusion of people with disabilities.Fondo Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo en Salud (FONIS) Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) SA15I2012