Capital social como fator de sucesso nas cooperativas mexicanas Caso: Cooperativa "Las chiquihuitecas" produtor de grana cochinilla

The main objective of this work is to reflect the importance of social capital in the establishment and growth of cooperatives in Mexico, specifically the cooperative "Las Chiquihuitecas", producer of cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus Costa). The research method used was totally qualitative applying the documentary analysis and the interview in depth as an instrument for the collection of the information. As a result, it was obtained that social capital has been the key element in the formation and development of the cooperative.O principal objetivo deste trabalho é refletir a importância do capital social no estabelecimento e crescimento das cooperativas no México, caso específico do "Os Chiquihuitecas" cochonilha cooperativa produtora de grana (Dactylopius coccus Costa). O método de pesquisa utilizado foi aplicando plenamente análise documental qualitativa e entrevista em profundidade como uma ferramenta para coleta de informações. Como foi obtido um resultado que a capital tem sido o elemento chave na formação e desenvolvimento da cooperativa

Usutu Virus in Migratory Song Thrushes, Spain

Our data imply that introduction of USUV (and potentially other flaviviruses such as West Nile virus lineage 2, which has not yet been detected in Spain) from Northern Europe, in addition to local endemicity and introduction from Africa, occurs, and that the zoonotic European USUV strain may be co-circulating with strains of African origin. At this time, it is not clear whether USUV strains of Spanish/African lineage differ in virulence for humans from strains from the European/African lineage. However, virus introduction by northern migrants, in combination with locally favorable conditions for vector populations, implies a risk for virus amplification and transmission and disease outbreaks in humans and horses outside the currently established mosquito-trapping period (May-October) of targeted flavivirus surveillance programs.Fil: Höfle, Ursula. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; España;Fil: Gamino, Virginia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; España;Fil: Fernández de Mera, Isabel G.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; España;Fil: Mangold, Atilio Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Rafaela; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina;Fil: Ortíz, José Antonio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas; España;Fil: de la Fuente, José. Oklahoma State University; Estados Unidos de América

Aqueous and Ethanolic Valeriana officinalis Extracts Change the Binding of Ligands to Glutamate Receptors

The effects of two valerian extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) were investigated through [3H]Glutamate ([3H]Glu) and [3H]Fluorowillardine ([3H]FW) receptor binding assays using rat synaptic membranes in presence of different receptor ligands. In addition, the extract stability was monitored spectrophotometrically. Both extracts demonstrated interaction with ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). However, the extracts displayed considerable differences in receptor selectivity. The hydroalcoholic extract selectively interacted with quisqualic acid (QA), group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) ligand, while the aqueous extract did not alter the binding of QA. The stability of the extracts was examined during several weeks. Freshly prepared extract inhibited 38–60% of [3H]FW binding (AMPA). After 10 days, the aqueous extract inhibited 85% of [3H]FW binding while the hydroalcoholic extract markedly potentiated (200%) [3H]FW binding to AMPA receptors. Thus, our results showed that factors such as extraction solvent and extract stability determine the selectivity for glutamate receptor (GluR) interactions

Evaluación de la actividad alelopática del extracto en acetato de etilo de Miconia caudata (bonpl.) dc.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial alelopático del extracto en acetato de etilo (AcOEt) y sus fracciones obtenidas de las hojas de Miconia caudata (melastomataceae), a través del bioensayo de germinación y crecimiento en semillas de Lactuca sativa L. Inicialmente, el extracto en AcOEt se separó en columna cromatográfica sobre DIAION HP-20, utilizando un sistema de elución agua-isopropanol, obteniendo 20 fracciones las cuales fueron monitoreadas mediante la medición de la absorbancia a 280 nm y por cromatografía en capa delgada en fase normal y reversa. Adicionalmente, se realizaron pruebas químicas para la identificación de diferentes núcleos fitoquímicos. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que la fracción F1M presentó un efecto estimulador de crecimiento en el hipocótilo con un máximo valor de 54.39%, dicho efecto se puede atribuir a la presencia de taninos condensados. Las fracciones F1L y F1N tuvieron un comportamiento de actividad alelopática contrario, inhibiendo el crecimiento del hipocótilo de L. sativa. La fracción F1R presentó un mayor efecto inhibidor sobre las plántulas, con valores máximos de 86.67% y 93.78%. A la fracción F1R se le realizaron pruebas químicas que indicaron la presencia de lactonas sesquiterpénicas, las cuales pueden estar involucradas en la actividad alelopática presentada

EVALUACIÓN CLÍNICA, BIOQUÍMICA Y MOLECULAR DE UNA FAMILIA CON RECURRENCIA DE DEFECTOS DEL TUBO NEURAL.

Se presenta una familia originaria del sur de Nuevo León con recurrencia de defectos del tuboneural (DTN) cuyos productos sobrevivientes se han logrado después del tratamiento preconcepcionalcon folato. Después de las evaluaciones clínicas, bioquímicas y moleculares, seencuentra que los miembros presentan heterocigocidad para la mutación MTHFR 677T y que lamadre y la hija son heterocigotas compuestas 677C/677T – 1298A/1298C. Los niveles de folatosintraeritrocitarios y plasmáticos son normales y sólo el padre presenta niveles levementeincrementados de homocisteinemia. Estos resultados sugieren una interacción entre factoresgenéticos y nutricionales previamente implicados en la patogénesis de los DTN que podrían estarasociados adicionalmente a la recurrencia de este cuadro malformativo.AbstractA family is presented it would originate of the south of Nuevo León with recurrence of neural tubedefects (NTD) whose products survivors have been achieved after the treatment preconceptionalwith folate. After the clinical, biochemical and molecular evaluations, it is found thatthe members present heterocigocity for the mutation MTHFR 677T and that the mother and thedaughter are compound heterozygotes 677C/677T - 1298A/1298C. The levels of red cellsfolates and plasmatic they are normal and the father only presents slightly increased levels ofhomocystenaemia. These results suggest an interaction among genetic and nutritional factorspreviously implied additionally in the pathogenesis of the NTD that could be associate to therecurrrrence of this defect.Palabras clave: anancefalia, defectos, tubo, neural, Nuevo León, México, anencephaly, defects, neural, tub

Therapeutic implications of selecting the SCORE (European) versus the D'AGOSTINO (American) risk charts for cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients

Background: No comparisons have been made of scales estimating cardiovascular mortality and overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The study objectives were to assess the agreement between the Framingham-D'Agostino cardiovascular risk (CVR) scale and the chart currently recommended in Europe (SCORE) with regard to identification of patients with high CVR, and to describe the discrepancies between them and the attendant implications for the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. Methods: A total of 474 hypertensive patients aged 40-65 years monitored in primary care were enrolled into the study. CVR was assessed using the Framingham-D'Agostino scale, which estimates the overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk, and the SCORE chart, which estimates the cardiovascular mortality risk. Cardiovascular risk was considered to be high for values ≥ 20% and ≥ 5% according to the Framingham-D'Agostino and SCORE charts respectively. Kappa statistics was estimated for agreement in classification of patients with high CVR. The therapeutic recommendations in the 2007 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention were followed. Results

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Ancestral diversity improves discovery and fine-mapping of genetic loci for anthropometric traits — The Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry Consortium

Hispanic/Latinos have been underrepresented in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for anthropometric traits despite their notable anthropometric variability, ancestry proportions, and high burden of growth stunting and overweight/obesity. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed densely imputed genetic data in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults to identify and fine-map genetic variants associated with body mass index (BMI), height, and BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI). We conducted a GWAS of 18 studies/consortia as part of the Hispanic/Latino Anthropometry (HISLA) Consortium (stage 1, n = 59,771) and generalized our findings in 9 additional studies (stage 2, n = 10,538). We conducted a trans-ancestral GWAS with summary statistics from HISLA stage 1 and existing consortia of European and African ancestries. In our HISLA stage 1 + 2 analyses, we discovered one BMI locus, as well as two BMI signals and another height signal each within established anthropometric loci. In our trans-ancestral meta-analysis, we discovered three BMI loci, one height locus, and one WHRadjBMI locus. We also identified 3 secondary signals for BMI, 28 for height, and 2 for WHRadjBMI in established loci. We show that 336 known BMI, 1,177 known height, and 143 known WHRadjBMI (combined) SNPs demonstrated suggestive transferability (nominal significance and effect estimate directional consistency) in Hispanic/Latino adults. Of these, 36 BMI, 124 height, and 11 WHRadjBMI SNPs were significant after trait-specific Bonferroni correction. Trans-ancestral meta-analysis of the three ancestries showed a small-to-moderate impact of uncorrected population stratification on the resulting effect size estimates. Our findings demonstrate that future studies may also benefit from leveraging diverse ancestries and differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns to discover novel loci and additional signals with less residual population stratification

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July