Los ejemplares tipo de las colecciones malacológicas del Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona y del Museu Valencià d'Història Natural

Publicar catálogos de ejemplares tipo es una recomendación efectuada por La Comisión Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, pero en nuestro caso la Publicación del presente catálogo ha sido ante todo la consecuencia práctica de asumir un sentido de responsabilidad con respecto a las colecciones de nuestros museos. Cuando la labor histórica y reciente de tantos investigadores se ha traducido en la confianza de depositar especímenes tipo en estos centros no puede soslayarse la obligación, ni tampoco el interés, de publicar del modo más práctico posible la información referida a los 'tipos'.Although the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has recommended publishing catalogues on biological type specimens, the main reason for publishing this catalogue in our case is the practical result of assuming responsibility for our museum collections. When the arduous work of so many past and present researchers results in their entrusting our museums with these type specimens, we cannot disregard the obligation to ensure the information on these types is published in the most practical way possible.Publicar catálogos de ejemplares tipo es una recomendación efectuada por La Comisión Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica, pero en nuestro caso la Publicación del presente catálogo ha sido ante todo la consecuencia práctica de asumir un sentido de responsabilidad con respecto a las colecciones de nuestros museos. Cuando la labor histórica y reciente de tantos investigadores se ha traducido en la confianza de depositar especímenes tipo en estos centros no puede soslayarse la obligación, ni tampoco el interés, de publicar del modo más práctico posible la información referida a los 'tipos'

The Ninyerola Gypsum unit: an example of cyclic, lacustrine sedimentation (Middle Miocene, E Spain)

La unidad Yesos de Ninyerola es un depósito lacustre del Mioceno Medio, de potencia cercana a los 200 m, que afl ora principalmente a lo largo de una estructura anticlinal de orientación NNE-SSW cerca de la ciudad de València. Esta estructura está formada por materiales diapirizados del Keuper (Triásico Superior) en el núcleo y por una sucesión miocena en los flancos. En la base deThe Ninyerola Gypsum unit is a Middle Miocene lacustrine deposit, close to 200 m in thickness, which crops out mainly along an anticline structure trending NNE-SSW near the city of Valencia. This anticline structure is comprised of Keuper (Upper Triassic) diapiric materials in the core and a Miocene succession on its fl anks. The Ninyerola Gypsum unit appears at the base of this succession and is overlain by alluvial deposits. The latter deposits grade upwards to terrigenous, coastal marine sediments presumably of Tortonian age. The anticline fl anks of the Miocene succession differ markedly not only in terms of their depositional and diagenetic facies but also in thickness and cyclicity. These differences suggest that synsedimentary deformation of the Triassic basement exerted control on Miocene sedimentation. On the eastern fl ank, where the succession is thicker (>230 m) and well exposed, we distinguished the following stratigraphic intervals from base to top: nodular gypsum (a), bioturbated gypsum (b), alternation of laminated gypsum and carbonate (c), a calcareous interval (d), red lutites and bioturbated gypsum (e), and a clastic alluvial alternation (f); this assemblage unconformably underlies a clastic, coastal marine interval (g). The Ninyerola Gypsum unit constitutes the lacustrine sediments −intervals (a) to (e)− of the succession. In this unit, numerous carbonate-gypsum cycles are recorded in intervals (a) to (c), whose average thickness approaches 6 m. The lacustrine stages of this succession were interpreted as the result of the gradual development of a saline lake of the sulphatecarbonate type overlying the Triassic materials, which extruded during the Lower Miocene. Interal (c) represents the maximum extension, depth and subsidence of this saline lake. This deep lake stage (c) was preceded by a shallow lake stage (b), which initially experienced anhydritic sabkha conditions (a). Stage (c) was followed by a diluted lake stage (d) and a fi nal evaporitic lake stage (e). Subsequently, an input of alluvial clastic materials (f) and marine transgression (g) brought an end to the evaporative conditions in the area

Unidades evaporíticas de la zona de Libros-Cascante (Mioceno, Cuenca de Teruel): Características estratigráficas y sedimentológicas

[ES] Las diversas unidades evaporíticas del Mioceno de la zonade Libros-Cascante (Fosa de Teruel) tienen extensión geográfica y potencia muy variables y constituyen tanto amplios cuerpos centrales (ej. Yesos de las Minas de Libros- Cascante) como pequeñas unidades de borde de cuenca, muy localizadas (ej. Yesos de Cubla). Las evaporitas consisten en diversas litofacies de yeso primario, principalmente yesos microlenticulares bioturbados y yesos laminados. Asociadas a las litofacies de yeso se presentan lutitas rojas, verdes o negruzcas y calizas formadas principalmente por acumulaciones de carófitas y gasterópodos. De un modo global, las unidades yesíferas diferenciadas dan muestras de una gradación progresiva de litofacies y de litologías asociadas, en función de la profundidad del medio deposicional, que reflejan los siguientes ambientes: 1) Zonas de encharcamiento y palustres, instaJadas episódicamente sobre llanuras de lutitas. Se caracterizan por depósitos de yesos microlenticulares bioturbados. Los Yesos de El Campo (Aragoniense inferior) y los Yesos de Cubla (Turoliense superior) están formados exclusivamente por estas litofacies. 2) Zonas lacustres someras, con márgenes palustres bien definidos (litofacies masivas bioturbadas) y centros someros litofacies yesíferas laminadas y niveles de calizas de cairófitas y gasterópodos); se desarrolla una ciclicidad en función de las oscilaciones de la lámina de agua por inundacióndesecación. Los ciclos pueden estar compuestos por: lutitas, yesos bioturbados o yesos laminados. Estos ambientes y litofacies están bien caracterizados en los Yesos de El Morrón (Aragoniense inferior>. 3) Lagos más profundos dominados por las litofacies yesíferas laminadas de grano muy fino y pizarras bituminosas propias de fondos anóxicos, en las que se ha producido sulfatoreducción bacterial. En las zonas marginales se encuentran litofacies y ciclos como los señalados en las zonas 1 y 2. Los Yesos de las Minas de Libros-Cascante son los representantes de estos ambientes y litofacies. Las características sedimentológicas de los yesos y litofacies asociadas, así como la ausencia de cloruros, sulfatos sódicos y facies anhidritizadas indican una baja concentración de las aguas de los ambientes lacustres.[EN] The Miocene evaporite units iii the Teruel Graben (Libros-Cascante area) are variable both in thickness and areal extent. The evaporite units form large basinal bodies (eg., Minas de Libros-Cascante Gy~sum) or small, marginal units (cg., Cubla Gypsum). The evaporites consist of diverse primary microlenticular gypsum iithofacies, main«Ty bioturbated gypsum and laminated gypsum. Sedimcnts associated with gypsum layers are red or drab mudstones, or bioclastie limestones. The diverse units show a progressive gradation in gypsum lithofacies aud associated deposits wbich reflect different environments and depths: 1) Palustrmne and very shallow ponds in mud flats. Sedimentary components are 1)ioturbated microlenticular gypsum and mudstones. The El Campo Gypsum (lower Aragonian) and Cubla Gypsum (upper Turolian) are exclusively formed by these lithofacies; 2) Shallow lacustrine systems with palustrine, well-defined margins (ma~sive bioturbated lithofacies) aud shallow central arcas where laminated gypsum and fossiliferous carbonates were deposited. Cyclicity occurred in response to laike-level oscillations. The cycles comprise mudstones, bioturbated gypsum or laminated gypsum. El Morrón Gypsum is representative of these lithofacies and environments; 3) l)ecp, permanent lakes, in which accumulated laminated gypsum and oil shalesunder anoxie bottom conditions. Bacterial sulphate reduction also occurred in these sediments. Gypsum Iithofacies and cyeles similar to those formed in environments 1 and 2 occur in the marginal zones of tbis system (e.g., Minas de Libros-Cascante Gypsum). The sedimentary features of the gypsum and associated deposits, as well as the absence of chlorides, Na-sulphates and anhydritized facies, indicate a relatively low-concentration in the original brines or lake waters.Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco de los proyectos DG1CYT PIAOO-0O80 y PB90- 0485.Peer reviewe

Identidad taxonómica de algunos taxones del género endémico ibérico Iberus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda, Helicidae)

Se revisan las series tipo de las especies de Iberus descritas por Rossmässler (1854) y depositadas en el Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum de Frankfurt, Alemania. Se concluye que Helix alcarazana (actualmente Iberus alcarazanus) es sinónimo posterior de Iberus alonensis (Férussac, 1821). Se discuten y modifican las localidades tipo de Helix y de Helix alcarazana y se designan lectotipos para Helix guiraoana, Helix guiraoana var. angustata, Helix alcarazana y Helix loxana. Además, se revisa la serie tipo de Helix alonensis (Férussac, 1821) (actualmente Iberus alonensis) depositada en el Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de París, Francia. Se selecciona el lectotipo y se designa “Alicante” como localidad tipo restringida.To determine the taxonomic identity of some of the species included in the genus Iberus, we reviewed the type series described by Rossmässler (1854) and deposited at the Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum of Frankfurt (Germany). We concluded that Helix alcarazana (currently Iberus alcarazanus) is a junior synonym of Iberus alonensis (Férussac, 1821). The type localities of Helix guiraoana and Helix alcarazana were discussed and modified and the lectotypes of Helix guiraoana, Helix guiraoana var. angustata, Helix alcarazana and Helix loxana were designated. In addition, we reviewed the type series of Helix alonensis Férussac, 1821 (currently Iberus alonensis) deposited at the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle of Paris, France and we selected its lectotype. The locality of Alicante has been designated as the restricted type locality of this species.Se revisan las series tipo de las especies de Iberus descritas por Rossmässler (1854) y depositadas en el Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum de Frankfurt, Alemania. Se concluye que Helix alcarazana (actualmente Iberus alcarazanus) es sinónimo posterior de Iberus alonensis (Férussac, 1821). Se discuten y modifican las localidades tipo de Helix y de Helix alcarazana y se designan lectotipos para Helix guiraoana, Helix guiraoana var. angustata, Helix alcarazana y Helix loxana. Además, se revisa la serie tipo de Helix alonensis (Férussac, 1821) (actualmente Iberus alonensis) depositada en el Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle de París, Francia. Se selecciona el lectotipo y se designa “Alicante” como localidad tipo restringida

Depositional models of lacustrine evaporites in the SE margin of the Ebro Basin (Paleogene, NE Spain)

An important evaporitic sedimentation occurred during the Paleogene (Eocene to lower Oligocene) in the Barberà sector of the southeastern margin of the Tertiary Ebro Basin. This sedimentation took place in shallow lacustrine environments and was controlled by a number of factors: 1) the tectonic structuration of the margin; 2) the high calcium sulphate content in the meteoric waters coming from the marginal reliefs; 3) the semiarid climate; and 4) the development of large alluvial fans along the basin margin, which also conditioned the location of the saline lakes. The evaporites are currently composed of secondary gypsum in surface and anhydrite at depth. There are, however, vestiges of the local presence of sodium sulphates. The evaporite units, with individual thicknesses ranging between 50 and 100 m, are intercalated within various lithostratigraphic formations and exhibit a paleogeographical pattern. The units located closer to the basin margin are characterized by a massive gypsum lithofacies (originally, bioturbated gypsum) bearing chert, and also by meganodular gypsum locally (originally, meganodules of anhydrite) in association with red lutites and clastic intercalations (gypsarenites, sandstones and conglomerates). Chert, which is only linked to the thickest gypsum layers, seems to be an early diagenetic, lacustrine product. Cyclicity in these proximal units indicates the progressive development of low-salinity, lacustrine bodies on red mud flats. At the top of some cycles, exposure episodes commonly resulted in dissolution, erosion, and the formation of edaphic features. In contrast, the units located in a more distal position with regard to the basin margin are formed by an alternation of banded-nodular gypsum and laminated gypsum layers in association with grey lutites and few clastic intercalations. These distal units formed in saline lakes with a higher ionic concentration. Exposure episodes in these lakes resulted in the formation of synsedimentary anhydrite and sabkha cycles. In some of these units, however, outer rims characterized by a lithofacies association similar to that of the proximal units occur (nodular gypsum, massive gypsum and chert nodules)

GreenLightningAI: An Efficient AI System with Decoupled Structural and Quantitative Knowledge

The number and complexity of artificial intelligence (AI) applications is growing relentlessly. As a result, even with the many algorithmic and mathematical advances experienced over past decades as well as the impressive energy efficiency and computational capacity of current hardware accelerators, training the most powerful and popular deep neural networks comes at very high economic and environmental costs. Recognising that additional optimisations of conventional neural network training is very difficult, this work takes a radically different approach by proposing GreenLightningAI, a new AI system design consisting of a linear model that is capable of emulating the behaviour of deep neural networks by subsetting the model for each particular sample. The new AI system stores the information required to select the system subset for a given sample (referred to as structural information) separately from the linear model parameters (referred to as quantitative knowledge). In this paper we present a proof of concept, showing that the structural information stabilises far earlier than the quantitative knowledge. Additionally, we show experimentally that the structural information can be kept unmodified when re-training the AI system with new samples while still achieving a validation accuracy similar to that obtained when re-training a neural network with similar size. Since the proposed AI system is based on a linear model, multiple copies of the model, trained with different datasets, can be easily combined. This enables faster and greener (re)-training algorithms, including incremental re-training and federated incremental re-training.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Depositional models of lacustrine evaporites in the SE margin of the Ebro Basin (Paleogene, NE Spain)

An important evaporitic sedimentation occurred during the Paleogene (Eocene to lower Oligocene) in the Barberà sector of the southeastern margin of the Tertiary Ebro Basin. This sedimentation took place in shallow lacustrine environments and was controlled by a number of factors: 1) the tectonic structuration of the margin; 2) the high calcium sulphate content in the meteoric waters coming from the marginal reliefs; 3) the semiarid climate; and 4) the development of large alluvial fans along the basin margin, which also conditioned the location of the saline lakes. The evaporites are currently composed of secondary gypsum in surface and anhydrite at depth. There are, however, vestiges of the local presence of sodium sulphates. The evaporite units, with individual thicknesses ranging between 50 and 100 m, are intercalated within various lithostratigraphic formations and exhibit a paleogeographical pattern. The units located closer to the basin margin are characterized by a massive gypsum lithofacies (originally, bioturbated gypsum) bearing chert, and also by meganodular gypsum locally (originally, meganodules of anhydrite) in association with red lutites and clastic intercalations (gypsarenites, sandstones and conglomerates). Chert, which is only linked to the thickest gypsum layers, seems to be an early diagenetic, lacustrine product. Cyclicity in these proximal units indicates the progressive development of low-salinity, lacustrine bodies on red mud flats. At the top of some cycles, exposure episodes commonly resulted in dissolution, erosion, and the formation of edaphic features. In contrast, the units located in a more distal position with regard to the basin margin are formed by an alternation of banded-nodular gypsum and laminated gypsum layers in association with grey lutites and few clastic intercalations. These distal units formed in saline lakes with a higher ionic concentration. Exposure episodes in these lakes resulted in the formation of synsedimentary anhydrite and sabkha cycles. In some of these units, however, outer rims characterized by a lithofacies association similar to that of the proximal units occur (nodular gypsum, massive gypsum and chert nodules)

Desenvolvimento de vidrados cerâmicos com propriedades bactericidas e fungicidas

Nos últimos anos foram desenvolvidas técnicas que permitem a síntese de materiais que, ao menos em uma de suas dimensões, são de tamanho nanométrico (1 a 100 nm), apresentando assim propriedades e funções significativamente diferentes das observadas nos materiais tradicionais de tamanho micrométrico. Os nanomateriais têm uma ampla faixa de aplicações especiais, especialmente em eletrônica, ciência dos materiais, comunicações e sistemas biológicos. As análises econômicas indicam que o mercado de nanotecnologia movimentará entre 750 milhões e 2 bilhões de euros a partir de 2015. No entanto, no setor cerâmico ainda não se começou a trabalhar com nanomateriais, pois as potenciais vantagens destes materiais ainda não foram valoradas convenientemente. É o que ocorre com as propriedades antimicrobianas que determinados nanomateriais podem aportar aos revestimentos cerâmicos. A aparição desta nova geração de materiais pode permitir a obtenção de produtos cerâmicos com propriedades bactericidas e fungicidas, cujas superfícies sejam capazes de impedir e eliminar o crescimento de organismos patogênicos, mantendo deste modo as melhores condições de segurança e higiene ambiental. Com isto, o setor cerâmico pode desenvolver produtos inovadores, de maior qualidade e alto valor agregado, com objetivo de aumentar sua competitividade.Este trabalho foi realizado graças ao apoio do Conselho da Indústria, Comércio e Navegação da Generalitat Valenciana, através do IMPIVA (n° de expediente IMIDIC/2009/10) e do Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional

Isotopic characterization of Jurassic evaporites. Aconcagua-Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Isotopic analysis can be used to interpret the origin of evaporitic sediments. A preliminary isotopic study of strontium, oxygen and sulphur has been carried out in Ca-sulphate facies of Jurassic marine evaporates (Tábanos Formation and Auquilco Formation) outcropping in southern Mendoza, Aconcagua-Neuquén Basin (Argentina), as a part of a comprehensive sedimentologic study. The analysed sections are located at arroyo Las Leñitas, Cañada Ancha and arroyo Blanco. Sampled units include laminated, banded, and nodular lithofacies, made up of anhydrite, secondary gypsum and calcite. The mineralogy was studied by conventional petrographic analysis and X-ray diffraction. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio was obtained in six samples, with values ranging from 0.706793 to 0.706839, which match marine calcium-sulphate data of the same age. A similar conclusion may be derived from ten samples analysed for oxygen (d18O) and sulphur (d34S) isotopic composition: the obtained values are between +11.55¿ and +14.42¿, and between +17.25¿ and +18.48¿ respectively. The sedimentologic- stratigraphic evidence and the isotopic data both suggest a marine origin for the Tábanos and Auquilco evaporites, without an analytically detectable contribution of continental waters or hydrothermal solutions. The results also suggest that no isotope fractionation occurred during the primary gypsum-to-anhydrite-to-secondary gypsum transformations

Structure-Aware Calculation of Many-Electron Wave Function Overlaps on Multicore Processors

We introduce a new algorithm that exploits the relationship between the determinants of a sequence of matrices that appear in the calculation of many-electron wave function overlaps, yielding a considerable reduction of the theoretical cost. The resulting enhanced algorithm is embarrassingly parallel and our comparison against the (embarrassingly parallel version of) original algorithm, on a computer node with 40 physical cores, shows acceleration factors which are close to 7 for the largest problems, consistent with the theoretical difference