Edifício-monumento à Independência do Brasil (1823-1923): do planejamento ao uso, operação e manutenção

The monument-building is the result of sixty early years of efforts to build a commemorative landmark to the proclamation of Independence of Brazil, whose most effective developments led to the installation of the Paulista Museum. The goal of this article is to highlight the stakeholders and consenting parties’ efforts to plan, program, design, build, adapt, use, operate, and maintain the monument-building between 1823 and 1923. To this end, documentary research was developed from a historical series of the Revista do Museu Paulista and the Anais do Museu Paulista. As a result, evidence was obtained on important decision-making, such as (1) the option of an architectural monument instead of a sculptural one in the planning phase; (2) the application of the golden ratio in the design phase; (3) costs and deadlines in the construction phase; and (4) efforts to conserve, adapt, and improve the monument-building and surroundings in the phases of use, operation, and maintenance. This article is part of the studies related to the doctoral research of one of the authors, which seeks to better understand the facility management, related to operation and maintenance activities, with the potential to be implemented in the Novo Museu do Ipiranga.O edifício-monumento é resultado de sessenta anos de esforços para edificar um marco comemorativo à Proclamação de Independência do Brasil, cujos desdobramentos mais efetivos significaram a instalação do Museu Paulista. O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar as iniciativas dos intervenientes e anuentes para planejar, programar, projetar, construir, adequar, utilizar, operar e manter o edifício-monumento entre 1823 e 1923. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental a partir de série histórica da Revista do Museu Paulista e dos Anais do Museu Paulista. Como resultado, obteve-se evidências sobre importantes tomadas de decisão, como (1) a opção de uma obra arquitetônica em vez de escultórica na fase de planejamento; (2) a aplicação da razão áurea na fase de projeto; (3) custos e prazos na fase de construção; e (4) as atividades de conservação, adequação e melhorias no edifício-monumento e no seu entorno nas fases de uso, operação e manutenção. Este artigo faz parte dos estudos relativos à pesquisa de doutorado de um dos autores, que visa compreender melhor o facility management, relacionado às atividades de operação e manutenção, com potencial de ser implementado no Novo Museu do Ipiranga.La construcción del monumento es el resultado de sesenta años de esfuerzos para construir un hito conmemorativo de la proclamación de la independencia de Brasil, cuyos desarrollos más efectivos significaron la instalación del Museu Paulista. El objetivo de este artículo es resaltar las iniciativas de las partes intervinientes y consentidas para planificar, programar, diseñar, construir, adaptar, usar, operar y mantener el (edificio) monumento desde el período de 1823 a 1923. Para tal efecto, se realizó un levantamiento documental basado en la serie histórica de la Revista do Museu Paulista y los Anais do Museu Paulista. Como resultado, se obtuvo evidencia sobre importantes tomas de decisiones, tales como: (a) la opción de una obra arquitectónica en lugar de una escultórica (en la fase de planeamiento); (b) la aplicación de la proporción áurea (en la fase de diseño); (c) costos y plazos (en la fase de construcción); y (d) las actividades de conservación, adecuación y mejora del edificio-monumento y su entorno (en las fases del uso, operación y mantenimiento). Este artículo forma parte de los estudios relacionados con la investigación doctoral de uno de los autores, con el objetivo de comprender mejor el Facility Management que se pretende implementar en el caso actual del Novo Museu do Ipiranga

Universal features of the order-parameter fluctuations : reversible and irreversible aggregation

We discuss the universal scaling laws of order parameter fluctuations in any system in which the second-order critical behaviour can be identified. These scaling laws can be derived rigorously for equilibrium systems when combined with the finite-size scaling analysis. The relation between order parameter, criticality and scaling law of fluctuations has been established and the connexion between the scaling function and the critical exponents has been found. We give examples in out-of-equilibrium aggregation models such as the Smoluchowski kinetic equations, or of at-equilibrium Ising and percolation models.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

HER2-enriched subtype and novel molecular subgroups drive aromatase inhibitor resistance and an increased risk of relapse in early ER+/HER2+ breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Oestrogen receptor positive/ human epidermal growth factor receptor positive (ER+/HER2+) breast cancers (BCs) are less responsive to endocrine therapy than ER+/HER2- tumours. Mechanisms underpinning the differential behaviour of ER+HER2+ tumours are poorly characterised. Our aim was to identify biomarkers of response to 2 weeks’ presurgical AI treatment in ER+/HER2+ BCs. METHODS: All available ER+/HER2+ BC baseline tumours (n=342) in the POETIC trial were gene expression profiled using BC360™ (NanoString) covering intrinsic subtypes and 46 key biological signatures. Early response to AI was assessed by changes in Ki67 expression and residual Ki67 at 2 weeks (Ki672wk). Time-To-Recurrence (TTR) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox models adjusted for standard clinicopathological variables. New molecular subgroups (MS) were identified using consensus clustering. FINDINGS: HER2-enriched (HER2-E) subtype BCs (44.7% of the total) showed poorer Ki67 response and higher Ki672wk (p<0.0001) than non-HER2-E BCs. High expression of ERBB2 expression, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and TP53 mutational score were associated with poor response and immune-related signatures with High Ki672wk. Five new MS that were associated with differential response to AI were identified. HER2-E had significantly poorer TTR compared to Luminal BCs (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.14–5.69; p=0.0222). The new MS were independent predictors of TTR, adding significant value beyond intrinsic subtypes. INTERPRETATION: Our results show HER2-E as a standardised biomarker associated with poor response to AI and worse outcome in ER+/HER2+. HRD, TP53 mutational score and immune-tumour tolerance are predictive biomarkers for poor response to AI. Lastly, novel MS identify additional non-HER2-E tumours not responding to AI with an increased risk of relapse

Ionic liquids at electrified interfaces

Until recently, “room-temperature” (<100–150 °C) liquid-state electrochemistry was mostly electrochemistry of diluted electrolytes(1)–(4) where dissolved salt ions were surrounded by a considerable amount of solvent molecules. Highly concentrated liquid electrolytes were mostly considered in the narrow (albeit important) niche of high-temperature electrochemistry of molten inorganic salts(5-9) and in the even narrower niche of “first-generation” room temperature ionic liquids, RTILs (such as chloro-aluminates and alkylammonium nitrates).(10-14) The situation has changed dramatically in the 2000s after the discovery of new moisture- and temperature-stable RTILs.(15, 16) These days, the “later generation” RTILs attracted wide attention within the electrochemical community.(17-31) Indeed, RTILs, as a class of compounds, possess a unique combination of properties (high charge density, electrochemical stability, low/negligible volatility, tunable polarity, etc.) that make them very attractive substances from fundamental and application points of view.(32-38) Most importantly, they can mix with each other in “cocktails” of one’s choice to acquire the desired properties (e.g., wider temperature range of the liquid phase(39, 40)) and can serve as almost “universal” solvents.(37, 41, 42) It is worth noting here one of the advantages of RTILs as compared to their high-temperature molten salt (HTMS)(43) “sister-systems”.(44) In RTILs the dissolved molecules are not imbedded in a harsh high temperature environment which could be destructive for many classes of fragile (organic) molecules

As Recentes ampliações de museus na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil:: um estudo comparativo

Actualmente, los museos están ampliando su papel más allá de las colecciones y se han esforzado por mejorar la experiencia de los visitantes. En este sentido, el artículo pretende comprender el fenómeno de expansión de museos relevantes instalados en edificios históricos y brindar un análisis crítico de la reciente expansión de espacios expositivos en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Para ello, se adopta un análisis comparativo, cuyo alcance incluye verificar las similitudes que se desarrollan en un escenario sociocultural específico y leer el escenario a partir de distintos criterios en diferentes escalas (macro, meso y micro). Se espera que los resultados demuestren si se cumplen o no criterios relacionados con el contexto integral, accesibilidad e inclusión, flexibilidad y adaptabilidad, y sostenibilidad (dimensiones ambiental y patrimonial). Las implicaciones prácticas de este estudio están relacionadas con las condiciones para el desarrollo de la planificación general de expansión de los museos y la identificación de necesidades emergentes presentes en los edificios históricos que los albergan.Museums are expanding their role beyond collections and have made efforts to improve the experience of visitors. In this sense, the article aims to understand the expansion of relevant museums installed in historic buildings and provide a critical analysis of the recent expansion with exhibition spaces in the city from São Paulo. To this end, a comparative analysis is adopted whose scope includes verifying similarities that develop in a specific socio cultural scenario and reading the scenario based on different criteria at 1) macro, 2) meso and 3) micro scales. The results are expected to demonstrate whether (or not) criteria related to the integral context, accessibility and inclusion, flexibility and adaptability, environmental and heritage dimensions are met. The practical implications of this study are related to the conditions for the development of general expansion planning in museums and the identification of emerging needs present in historic buildings that house museums.A conversão de edifícios existentes em museus alinha-se com a atual preocupação com a sustentabilidade, considerando a interação entre o patrimônio edificado, o museu e a cidade à luz da relação espaço-tempo. Além de reduzir o descarte de resíduos de construção civil por meio do reaproveitamento de edificações de valor histórico, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise crítica da recente expansão dos museus existentes na cidade de São Paulo Brasil a partir dos módulos discutidos por Argan e das estratégias de Knight. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, entrevistas com pessoas-chave e análise de múltiplos estudos de caso – Museu Paulista, Pinacoteca e Museu de Arte de São Paulo. Como resultado, destacam-se as semelhanças dos três casos com base nas estratégias de (1) analogia, (2) tempo e (3) sistema-subsistema, permitindo assim a contribuição dos espaços museológicos para a salvaguarda dos acervos e para a aprendizagem e fruição dos visitantes