A Common Bile Duct Stone formed by Suture Material after Open Cholecystectomy

The use of non-absorbable suture materials for cystic duct ligation after cholecystectomy can expose patients to the risk of recurrent stone formation in the common bile duct (CBD). However, in Korea suture materials have rarely been found to act as a nidus for common bile duct calculus formation. Recently, we experienced a case in which suture material, that had migrated from a previous cholecystectomy site into the CBD, probably served as a nidus for common bile duct stone formation. The stone was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and removed successfully using a basket. The authors report a case of surgical suture migration and discuss its subsequent role as a stone forming nucleus within the CBD in a patient who underwent open cholecystectomy; and include a review of the literature

Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

This is the pre-print version of the Published Article, which can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 Springer VerlagMeasurements of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV are presented, based on 2.9 inverse picobarns of data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurements, performed in the electron and muon decay channels, are combined to give sigma(pp to WX) times B(W to muon or electron + neutrino) = 9.95 \pm 0.07(stat.) \pm 0.28(syst.) \pm 1.09(lumi.) nb and sigma(pp to ZX) times B(Z to oppositely charged muon or electron pairs) = 0.931 \pm 0.026(stat.) \pm 0.023(syst.) \pm 0.102(lumi.) nb. Theoretical predictions, calculated at the next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recent parton distribution functions, are in agreement with the measured cross sections. Ratios of cross sections, which incur an experimental systematic uncertainty of less than 4%, are also reported

Measurement of dijet angular distributions and search for quark compositeness in pp collisions at √s=7TeV

Dijet angular distributions are measured over a wide range of dijet invariant masses in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV, at the CERN LHC. The event sample, recorded with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). The data are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of perturbative QCD, and yield no evidence of quark compositeness. With a modified frequentist approach, a lower limit on the contact interaction scale for left-handed quarks of Lambda(+) = 5.6 TeV (Lambda(-) = 6.7 TeV) for destructive (constructive) interference is obtained at the 95% confidence level

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Validerat; 20120613 (anonymous

Groundwater influence around railway tunnels in rock

Rock groundwater has always caused major problems when tunnelling. Water leaking into tunnels can cause large problems, not only on the construction itself but also on the environment. A continuous water leakage can lead to a declining water supply, and geotechnical problems can occur as subsidence in the ground. Therefore it is of great importance to predict the consequences that can appear in the surroundings due to a declining groundwater surface. The aim of the study was to investigate different methods for predicting leakage and changes in groundwater level due to tunnelling excavations in rock. This thesis was performed by comparing mathematical methods, actual groundwater changes and results from preliminary investigations. Investigations were made for three railway tunnels planned by Botniabanan AB. Varvsbergstunneln (2 km), Åsbergstunneln (1 km) and Strannebergstunneln (1.4 km) all situated in the surroundings of Örnsköldsvik. During the time this thesis was performed, all tunnels have been fully excavated. This thesis has emphasised difficulties in predicting groundwater behaviour as tunnelling excavations are made in rocks. The reason is the complex characteristics of rocks. The conductivity seems to be the parameter that is most difficult to determine with a high accuracy, and hence the accuracy shows in the results. Also the result is affected by the chosen mathematical method. Although careful preliminary investigations are made, it is hard to determine the rock characteristics with such accuracy that leakage and groundwater level changes can be predicted with high precision. However, mathematical methods are a good supplement when determining groundwater influences around railway tunnels in rock.Vatten i berg har ofta inneburit stora problem vid tunnelbyggen. Vatten som läcker in i tunnlar kan orsaka stora problem på såväl konstruktionen som miljön och dessutom kan ett stort inflöde medföra stabilitetsproblem. Om vatten läcker in kontinuerligt kan omgivningarna dräneras så att vattentillgången minskar och geotekniska problem kan uppstå i form av sättningar i marken. Det är därför av stor vikt att prediktera inläckaget och de konsekvenser som kan uppstå på omgivningen till följd av en grundvattensänkning. Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka olika metoder för att förutspå inläckage och nivåförändring av grundvatten i samband med tunnelbygge i berggrund. Arbetet utfördes genom att en jämförelse gjordes mellan matematiska metoder, verkliga grundvattenförändringar samt resultat från förundersökningar. Undersökningar gjordes för tre järnvägstunnlar som är projekterade av Botniabanan AB. Varvsbergstunneln (2 km), Åsbergstunneln (1 km) samt Strannebergstunneln (1.4 km) som alla är belägna i närheten av Örnsköldsvik. Under examensarbetets gång har man hunnit driva igenom samtliga tre tunnlar. Examensarbetet har påvisat svårigheterna i att förutspå grundvattnets beteende vid tunnelbyggen i berggrund. Detta beror på att berggrunden är ett komplext byggnadsmaterial vars egenskaper är svåra att bestämma. Konduktiviteten tycks vara den parameter som är svårast att bestämma med hög noggrannhet, och noggrannheten avspeglas i resultatet. Dessutom beror resultatet av vilken beräkningsmetod som väljs. Trots utförliga förundersökningar är det alltså svårt att bestämma bergets egenskaper med sådan noggrannhet att inläckage och nivåförändring av grundvatten kan förutspås med stor precision. Dock är matematiska metoder bra hjälpmedel för att bestämma grundvattenpåverkan kring järnvägstunnlar i berg

Book review :The Oxford Handbook of Adam Smith, by Christopher J. Berry, Maria Pia Paganelli, Craig Smith, Oxford University Press, 2013, 656 pp

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