Thermal Hysteresis Due to the Structural Phase Transitions in Magnetization for Core-Surface Nanoparticles

One important issue raised in magnetism studies is the thermal response of various magnetic properties. This topic is known as the magnetic thermal hysteresis (MTH) which is principally associated with magnetic phase transitions. The MTH is of particular interest for both quantum and applied physics researches on magnetization of nanomaterials. Hysteresis of the temperature-induced structural phase transitions in some materials and nanostructures with first-order phase transitions reduces useful magnetocaloric effect to transform cycling between martensite (M) and austenite (A) phases under application. In additional, the size, surface and boundary effects on thermal hysteresis loops have been under consideration for the development of research on nanostructured materials. Experimental data indicate that nanostructured materials offer many interesting prospects for the magnetization data and for understanding of temperature-induced M-A phase transitions. In this chapter, we have presented a review of the the latest theoretical developments in the field of MTH related to the structural phase transitions for the core-surface nanoparticles based on the fundamental formulation of pair approximation in Kikuchi version

Trading Puzzle, Puzzling Trade

We explore the return performance of individual investors with respect to various factors such as portfolio size, turnover ratio and also demographic factors: gender and age. Concerning that Borsa İstanbul has one of highest share turnover ratio worldwide (141.8% as of 2012), it is an ideal candidate to do this analysis. We examine the daily trades in Borsa İstanbul (formerly Istanbul Stock Exchange) of 20,000 individual investors over two year period from 2011 to 2012. The main finding which contradicts other studies and the contribution of the paper is that, the return of the individual portfolio is positively correlated with the portfolio size. Other findings are: Almost 70% of all individual investors cannot beat the market. Investors who have high turnover underperform compared to those who have lower turnover. Male investors trade more and lose more vis-à-vis the female and older investors have higher returns

Labview Tabanlı Odyometre ve İşitme Cihazı Tasarımı

İşitme sisteminin değerlendirilmesi, işitme kaybı tanısının konulması ve işitme kaybının tespiti için odyometri testi yapılmaktadır. Hastanelerin odyoloji bölümlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan önemli bir teşhis yöntemidir. Odyometreler aracılığı ile yapılan işitme testlerinde, yaygın olarak 125 Hertz (Hz) ile 8000 Hertz (Hz) arasındaki frekanslarda işitme ölçümleri yapılmaktadır. Ölçümler sonucunda izlenecek olan tedavi, kaybın nedenine bağlı olarak değişmektedir. İşitme kaybının tedavisi yoksa bu durumda işitme cihazları kullanılmaktadır. İşitme cihazı ile konuşmaların daha anlaşılır hale getirilmesi, tüm işitsel sinyallerin, gürültü ve müzik gibi çevresel seslerin daha rahat duyulması amaçlanır. LabVIEW ortamında geliştirilen yazılım ile işitme testi 0 Hertz (Hz) ile 20000 Hertz (Hz) arasında yapılabilmektedir. Ayrıca yapılan odyometri testi sonucunda, işitme aralığını kompanze edecek bir filtre, mümkün olduğunca düz bir işitme algılaması üretmek üzere tasarlanmıştır

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effect of Rapidly Infused Crystalloids on Acid-Base Status in Dehydrated Patients in the Emergency Department

Study objective: To compare the effect of normal saline (NS), lactated Ringer's, and Plasmalyte on the acid-base status of dehydrated patients in the emergency department (ED)

Allergy Practices in Otorhinolaryngology Residency Programs in Turkey: Quo Vadis?

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate how allergy practices in the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) residency departments in Turkey have changed over the last 20 years and to examine the current status in ORL residency training.Methods:A 17-item questionnaire was developed following the study goals by a team experienced in allergy practices. The questionnaire was sent via e-mail to the program directors of all the 95 ORL residency departments in Turkey.Results:A total of 60 (63.2%) program directors completed the questionnaire. We found that allergy testing and immunotherapy had been performed in 70% and 28.3%, respectively, at any time to date. The most common reason for discontinuing in allergy practices over time was “the changes introduced by the Turkish Social Security Institute as stated in the healthcare implementation communiqué” and “the difficulties in obtaining vaccine supplies from companies”. Of all departments, allergy testing, immunotherapy, nasal smear, and nasal provocation tests were performed only by 35%, 8.3%, 28.3%, and 1.7%, respectively.Conclusion:Allergy practices have been increasingly used, especially in the 2000s, but came to a standstill upon the changes introduced by the Turkish Social Security Institute as stated in the healthcare implementation communiqué. These findings suggest that allergy training, in the recent years, has remained in the background in ORL residency programs in Turkey. To achieve standardization in allergy training in ORL residency programs, professional associations and authorities should develop solutions in cooperation with legislators

Interscalene block applied by an experienced anesthesiologist has a good anesthetic effect, a long duration of action, and less postoperative pain after arthroscopic shoulder procedures independent of surgery type and operation duration

This study aims to evaluate the severity of postoperative pain and the time to the onset of pain after arthroscopic surgical treatment of rotator cuff tear or instability under interscalene block. Patients and methods: Between October 2015 and June 2016, a total of 172 patients (82 males, 90 females; mean age: 47.9±16.9 years; range, 15 to 83 years) who underwent shoulder arthroscopy under interscalene block by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the postoperative 24-h Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the time to the onset of pain with the type of surgical procedure (rotator cuff repair, n=101 or instability surgery, n=71), and the duration of surgery (<30 min n=92; ≥30 min n=80) was examined. Results: No significant relationship was found between the type of surgical procedure, VAS scores, and the onset of pain after the block (p=0.577 and p=0.780, respectively). No significant relationship was found between the operation duration, and VAS, and the onset of pain after the block (p=0.570 and p=0.408, respectively). The mean duration until the start of postoperative pain was 734±313 (range, 60 to 1,440) min. There was no statistically significant difference in the need for rescue analgesics at the postoperative 24th h and the duration of surgery between the two groups (p=0.393 and p=0.675, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results show no significant difference in the time for the onset of postoperative pain and the VAS scores according to the characteristics of the surgical procedure, operation duration, or age and sex of the patient. Shoulder arthroscopy performed by experienced surgeons under interscalene block eliminates the need for analgesics within the first 12 h postoperatively

A 25-Year Bibliometric Analysis of Allergic Rhinitis Publications from Turkey

Objective:To analyze the change over the 25 years period in the number of publications on allergic rhinitis from Turkey, and to compare the data of the four major relevant specialties.Methods:A search was conducted over 25-years between1994 and 2019 using the keywords “allergic rhinitis” and “Turkey” in PubMed®, and “allerji”, “alerji” and “rinit” in TRDizin®. The articles were grouped by specialty; namely, “Otorhinolaryngology (ORL),” “Pediatrics,” adult “Pulmonary disease” and adult “Allergy/immunology,” based on the affiliation of the first author. The total number of publications in each specialty group within the 25-year period were compared using a significance test for a difference in two proportions within the statistical assessment.Results:The 25-year results revealed 624 and 213 publications in the PubMed® and the TRDizin® databases, respectively. When the number of publications in a specific field in both databases was examined, the highest number of publications were identified in the ORL group, followed by the Pediatrics group. The number of publications in the ORL group was statistically higher than those in the “Pulmonary diseases” and “Allergy/immunology” groups in both the PubMed® and the TRDizin® databases (p=0.0001).Conclusion:The analysis of the number of 25-year allergic rhinitis publications from Turkey revealed that the academic interest of otolaryngologists in allergic rhinitis was unaffected, despite the challenges experienced in practice, with an increasing number of publications noted. When the number of 25-year publications was examined, ORL recorded the highest number of publications among all specialties

Effect of magnesium sulfate administration on blood–brain barrier in a rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis: a randomized controlled experimental study

INTRODUCTION: Permeability changes in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and their possible contribution to brain edema formation have a crucial role in the pathophysiology of septic encephalopathy. Magnesium sulfate has been shown to have a protective effect on BBB integrity in multiple experimental models. In this study we determine whether magnesium sulfate administration could have any protective effects on BBB derangement in a rat model of sepsis. METHODS: This randomized controlled experimental study was performed on adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Intraperitoneal sepsis was induced by using the infected fibrin–thrombin clot model. To examine the effect of magnesium in septic and sham-operated rats, a dose of 750 μmol/kg magnesium sulfate was given intramuscularly immediately after surgery. Control groups for both infected and sham-operated rats were injected with equal volume of saline. Those rats surviving for 24 hours were anesthetized and decapitated for the investigation of brain tissue specific gravity and BBB integrity by the spectrophotometric assay of Evans blue dye extravasations. Another set of experiments was performed for hemodynamic measurements and plasma magnesium level analysis. Rats were allocated into four parallel groups undergoing identical procedures. RESULTS: Sepsis significantly increased BBB permeability to Evans blue. The dye content of each hemisphere was significantly lower in the magnesium-treated septic rats (left hemisphere, 0.00218 ± 0.0005; right hemisphere, 0.00199 ± 0.0007 [all results are means ± standard deviation]) than in control septic animals (left hemisphere, 0.00466 ± 0.0002; right hemisphere, 0.00641 ± 0.0003). In septic animals treated with magnesium sulfate, specific gravity was higher (left hemisphere, 1.0438 ± 0.0007; right hemisphere, 1.0439 ± 0.0004) than in the untreated septic animals (left hemisphere, 1.0429 ± 0.0009; right hemisphere, 1.0424 ± 0.0012), indicating less edema formation with the administration of magnesium. A significant decrease in plasma magnesium levels was observed 24 hours after the induction of sepsis. The dose of magnesium that we used maintained the baseline plasma magnesium levels in magnesium-treated septic rats. CONCLUSIONS: Magnesium administration attenuated the increased BBB permeability defect and caused a reduction in brain edema formation in our rat model of intraperitoneal sepsis