Correlating Rate of Penetration with the Weight on Bit, Rotation per Minute, Flow Rate and Mud Weight of Rotary Drilling

In this study, the effect of some drilling parameters, rotation per minute, weight on bit, flow rate and mud weight on rate of penetration, were investigated in detail. As a result, the rate of penetration was found between 1,79m/h and 14,80m/h, which have a good statistical relationship with the rotation per minute, flow rate and mud weight. On the other hand, it was determined that there was no any relationship between rate of penetration and weight on bit

Catalytic cracking of gas oil derived from heavy crude oil over biochar-based catalyst

840-847In this study, the main target is to obtain high grade light commercial motor fuels from the catalytic cracking of the gas oil fraction by using a modified green catalyst biochar. For this aim, initially the biochar has been impregnated with the spent pickling liquor to acquire a catalyst being strong cracking activity under certain conditions. By using of the catalyst activated via the spent pickling liquor, the catalytic cracking runs have been carried out on the gas oil at different catalyst additive rates in ranging from 5 wt.% to 20 wt.% to obtain light liquid hydrocarbon fractions at the temperature of 500oC and heating rate of 10 ℃/min. The n-pentane soluble fraction of the catalytic cracking liquid obtained from the use of activated char catalyst at additive rate of 20 wt.% has a low sulphur content and also consisted of short straight chain paraffinic hydrocarbons with carbon number of C13, C17, and C18 compared to those of the thermal and non-activated catalyst. Consequently, the activated catalyst has a considerable potential as a green catalyst with low cost for the converting of heavy hydrocarbons into light and more valuable hydrocarbons

Usage of Vermiculite as Additive Material in Water-Based Drilling Muds

Drilling mud is used in drilling operations to ensure well stability and to transport the cut-offs to the surface and is generally classified as; Spud, Lignosulfonate and Polymer types. Spud Mud is the simple mud and mostly used at the beginning of drilling operations. It is mainly composed of bentonite and water. With increasing depth, It is hard to keep well stability and to carry cuttings from the bottom of hole to the surface with the basic drilling fluid. Thus, some materials are used to maintain the rheological and filtration properties of the mud. One of them is vermiculite that is a general name of the hydrated ferromagnesian aluminium silicate group. It has expanded properties when heated. Like all clay minerals, the cation exchange capacity is very high and very similar to the montmorillonites in terms of high cation exchange capacity. In this study, the usage of vermiculite as an additive material in drilling muds was investigated. Spud muds containing vermiculite in different amounts were prepared. Then rheological and filtration analysis of the muds were done according to American Petroleum Institute (API) RP-13B-1 Standard. When evaluated the results, AV reached 41cP, PV 27cP, YP 28lb/100ft2 , 10 sec. gel strength 17lb/100ft2 , 10 min. gel strength 26 lb/100ft2 and filtration 9cc. The results showed that the vermiculite can might be used as a viscosifier and fluid loss reducing additive material in the drilling mud