The importance of the quality of coach–athlete relationship for athletes’ motivationAntrenör sporcu ilişkisinin sporcuların güdülenmesi için önemi

The aim of this research was to reveal whether the coach-athlete relationship is a determinant of athletes’ motivation. 312 (63.5%) males and 179 (36.5%) females as a total of 491 athletes from team and individual sports voluntarily participated to the research. Mean age of the participants’ was found to be 19.11±2.70. The Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) and Sports Motivation Scale (SMS) were used as the data collection tools. For the data analyses; descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analyses (enter method) were used. Level of significance was determined to be .05. The results showed that intrinsic motivation was significantly correlated with closeness (r = .235), commitment (r = .240) and complementary (r = .153). Also, extrinsic motivation was significantly correlated with closeness (r = .346), commitment (r = .307) and complementary (r = .270). The results of the regression analysis revealed that closeness (β = .197, p = .009) and commitment (β = .197, p = .006) were the significant predictors of intrinsic motivation [F (3, 487) = 12.539, p = .000, R2=.07] and that extrinsic motivation was significantly predicted by closeness (β = .283, p = .000), [F (3, 487) = 23.296, p = .000, R2=.13]. As a conclusion, the results of this research indicate that there is a significant correlation between the coach-athlete relationship and athletes’ motivation and that some aspects of the quality of coach-athlete relationship could contribute to athletes’ motivation. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı antrenör sporcu ilişkisi ile sporcuların güdülenmeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Bu amaçla takım sporları ve bireysel sporlardan, 312 (%63.5) erkek- 179 (%36.5) kadın sporcu olmak üzere toplam 491 sporcu gönüllü olarak araştırmaya katılmıştır. Sporcuların yaşları 19.11±2.70 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, Antrenör-Sporcu İlişkisi Envanteri ve Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 17 paket programı ile tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, içsel güdülenme ile yakınlık (r = .235), bağlılık (r = .240) ve tamamlayıcılık (r = .153) arasında anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, dışsal güdülenme ile yakınlık (r = .346), bağlılık (r = .307) ve tamamlayıcılık (r = .270) arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre yakınlık (β = .197, p = .009) ve bağlılık (β = .197, p = .006) puanlarının içsel güdülenmeyi anlamlı olarak açıkladığı belirlenmiştir [F (3, 487) = 12.539, p = .000, R2=.07]. Ayrıca, dışsal güdülenme ise yakınlık (β = .283, p = .000) puanı tarafından anlamlı olarak açıklanmıştır [F (3, 487) = 23.296, p = .000, R2=.13]. Sonuç olarak, antrenör sporcu ilişkisi ile sporcuların güdülenmesi arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif yönde olduğu ve antrenör sporcu ilişkisinin kalitesi arttıkça sporcuların güdülenmelerinin olumlu yönde değişeceği belirtilebilir

Genomic and strontium isotope variation reveal immigration patterns in a viking age town

Abstract: The impact of human mobility on the northern Euro- pean urban populations during the Viking and Early Middle Ages and its repercussions in Scandinavia it- self are still largely unexplored. Our study of the de- mographics in the final phase of the Viking era is the first comprehensive multidisciplinary investiga- tion that includes genetics, isotopes, archaeology, and osteology on a larger scale. This early Christian dataset is particularly important as the earlier com- mon pagan burial tradition during the Iron Age was cremation, hindering large-scale DNA analyses. We present genome-wide sequence data from 23 indi- viduals from the 10th to 12th century Swedish town of Sigtuna. The data revealed high genetic diversity among the early urban residents. The observed vari- ation exceeds the genetic diversity in distinct mod- ern-day and Iron Age groups of central and northern Europe. Strontium isotope data suggest mixed local and non-local origin of the townspeople..

Genomic and strontium isotope variation reveal immigration patterns in a Viking Age town

The impact of human mobility on the northern European urban populations during the Viking and Early Middle Ages and its repercussions in Scandinavia itself are still largely unexplored. Our study of the demographics in the final phase of the Viking era is the first comprehensive multidisciplinary investigation that includes genetics, isotopes, archaeology, and osteology on a larger scale. This early Christian dataset is particularly important as the earlier common pagan burial tradition during the Iron Age was cremation, hindering large-scale DNA analyses. We present genome-wide sequence data from 23 individuals from the 10th to 12th century Swedish town of Sigtuna. The data revealed high genetic diversity among the early urban residents. The observed variation exceeds the genetic diversity in distinct modern-day and Iron Age groups of central and northern Europe. Strontium isotope data suggest mixed local and non-local origin of the townspeople. Our results uncover the social system underlying the urbanization process of the Viking World of which mobility was an intricate part and was comparable between males and females. The inhabitants of Sigtuna were heterogeneous in their genetic affinities, probably reflecting both close and distant connections through an established network, confirming that early urbanization processes in northern Europe were driven by migration

The genetic history of Scandinavia from the Roman Iron Age to the present

The authors acknowledge support from the National Genomics Infrastructure in Stockholm funded by Science for Life Laboratory, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and the Swedish Research Council, and SNIC/Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science for assistance with massively parallel sequencing and access to the UPPMAX computational infrastructure. We used resources from projects SNIC 2022/23-132, SNIC 2022/22-117, SNIC 2022/23-163, SNIC 2022/22-299, and SNIC 2021-2-17. This research was supported by the Swedish Research Council project ID 2019-00849_VR and ATLAS (Riksbankens Jubileumsfond). Part of the modern dataset was supported by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), grant number 16/RC/3948, and co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund and by FutureNeuro industry partners.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans

The origins and genetic affinity of the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands, commonly known as Guanches, are poorly understood. Though radiocarbon dates on archaeological remains such as charcoal, seeds, and domestic animal bones suggest that people have inhabited the islands since the 5th century BCE, it remains unclear how many times, and by whom, the islands were first settled. Previously published ancient DNA analyses of uniparental genetic markers have shown that the Guanches carried common North African Y chromosome markers (E-M81, E-M78, and J-M267) and mitochondrial lineages such as U6b, in addition to common Eurasian haplogroups. These results are in agreement with some linguistic, archaeological, and anthropological data indicating an origin from a North African Berber-like population. However, to date there are no published Guanche autosomal genomes to help elucidate and directly test this hypothesis. To resolve this, we generated the first genome-wide sequence data and mitochondrial genomes from eleven archaeological Guanche individuals originating from Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Five of the individuals (directly radiocarbon dated to a time transect spanning the 7th–11th centuries CE) yielded sufficient autosomal genome coverage (0.21× to 3.93×) for population genomic analysis. Our results show that the Guanches were genetically similar over time and that they display the greatest genetic affinity to extant Northwest Africans, strongly supporting the hypothesis of a Berber-like origin. We also estimate that the Guanches have contributed 16%–31% autosomal ancestry to modern Canary Islanders, here represented by two individuals from Gran Canaria

Latitudinal gradient in dairy production with the introduction of farming in Atlantic Europe

International audienceThe introduction of farming had far-reaching impacts on health, social structure and demography. Although the spread of domesticated plants and animals has been extensively tracked, it is unclear how these nascent economies developed within different environmental and cultural settings. Using molecular and isotopic analysis of lipids from pottery, here we investigate the foods prepared by the earliest farming communities of the European Atlantic seaboard. Surprisingly, we find an absence of aquatic foods, including in ceramics from coastal sites, except in the Western Baltic where this tradition continued from indigenous ceramic using hunter-gatherer-fishers. The frequency of dairy products in pottery increased as farming was progressively introduced along a northerly latitudinal gradient. This finding implies that early farming communities needed time to adapt their economic practices before expanding into more northerly areas. Latitudinal differences in the scale of dairy production might also have influenced the evolution of adult lactase persistence across Europe

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 226 individuals associated with Beaker-complex artefacts. We detected limited genetic affinity between Beaker-complex-associated individuals from Iberia and central Europe, and thus exclude migration as an important mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, migration had a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker complex. We document this phenomenon most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker complex introduced high levels of steppe-related ancestry and was associated with the replacement of approximately 90% of Britain’s gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the east-to-west expansion that had brought steppe-related ancestry into central and northern Europe over the previous centuries

Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation

Contains fulltext : 184092.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia : Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation

Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57× coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500–6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data display an east–west genetic gradient that opposes the pattern seen in other parts of Mesolithic Europe. Our results suggest two different early postglacial migrations into Scandinavia: initially from the south, and later, from the northeast. The latter followed the ice-free Norwegian north Atlantic coast, along which novel and advanced pressure-blade stone-tool techniques may have spread. These two groups met and mixed in Scandinavia, creating a genetically diverse population, which shows patterns of genetic adaptation to high latitude environments. These potential adaptations include high frequencies of low pigmentation variants and a gene region associated with physical performance, which shows strong continuity into modern-day northern Europeans