Chemistry of Fluoride Leaching and Associating Influential Factors in Plaster Board Waste

Plaster board waste generated from industries, usually contains major proportion of calcium as calcium sulfate. In addition, fluoride is remarkably one among the constituents of this waste material. Experimental studies were conducted to determine the fluoride leaching as a function of particle size, pH of leaching solvent (distilled water) and water: PBP ratio. The influence of sodium salts on the leaching of fluoride from PBP was studied. It was explored that one gram of plaster board waste contains 18.54 mg F per gram of PBP. High leaching of 3.70 mg F per liter was studied at pH 6.02 with Ca2+ and TDS contents of 1050 mg L-1 and 1640 mg L-1 respectively. The influence of fluoride leaching by sodium phosphate recorded a high value of 12.75 mg L-1 with no detectable amount of calcium ions. The leaching mechanism was predicted significantly by the exchange of Na+ and Ca2+ ions. The leaching rate as a consequence of shaking and stirring dynamics was also investigated at different conditions

Inherited thermostability variants of seven enzymes in a Japanese population

The frequency of inherited variations in thermostability was investigated in a series of seven enzymes in a Japanese population. Among a total of 5930 determinations, nine variants were encountered. In each instance one parent exhibited a similar finding. It is suggested that this procedure should detect a high proportion of the variants of these enzymes characterized by amino acid substitutions not altering molecular charge. Failure to detect more such thermostability variants is interpreted to mean that electrophoresis not only detects amino acid substitutions altering molecular charge but also a considerable proportion of those that do not alter charge.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65570/1/j.1469-1809.1985.tb01671.x.pd

evelopment of "SDGs Shiny Mudball (dorodango)" for teaching "Sustainable and contribution" and achievement of SDGs 4.7

There are few learning materials that can read the history (archive) carved in the soil and mud, look over disaster prevention education and geo-environmental problems in a single relationship diagram, and feel the feeling of the palm. Recognizing geo-environmental problems, experiencing soil and mud, revering soil and mud, and cultivating a "heart that cherishes the earth" means a skill necessary to achieve sustainable development involving SDGs. The authors conducted research and development using industrially adjusted pottery clay to make a learning material for visiting lecture using Shiny Mud Ball to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). "SDGs Shiny Mud Balls" certainly enable everyone to get excitement and pleasure that shine or polish is obtained in a short period of time. "Contribution" of the SDGs can be understood by "SDGs Shiny Mud Balls"

Dietary diversity and healthy lifestyle

The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of lifestyle and health awareness according to dietary diversity in a Japanese worksite population. The participants were 1,312 men and women aged 20 to 63 years who were living in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan during the period 2012-2013. We obtained anthropometric data and information on lifestyle characteristics using a self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity (QUANTIDD). The characteristics of lifestyle and health awareness according to quartiles of the QUANTIDD score were assessed using the chi-square test and a general linear model. The higher the QUANTIDD score was, the larger were the proportions of participants who knew the appropriate amount of dietary intake and participants who referred to nutritional component information when choosing and / or buying food. Among participants with higher QUANTIDD scores, the proportion of participants who considered their current diet was good was high in women, whereas the proportion of participants who wanted to improve their diet in the future was high in men. Those results indicate that higher dietary diversity was related to better characteristics of lifestyle and awareness of health

Bearing capacity charts of soft soil reinforced by deep mixing

A series of preliminary design charts were developed to predict the bearing capacity of fully and partially penetrated deep mixing (DM) of soft soil. The charts were produced by a new numerical analysis tool based on discontinuity layout optimisation (DLO) in which a previously proposed homogenisation method was used to define the improvement area. To measure the applicability of implementation of the homogenisation method in the DLO, a series of validation processes was performed against several previous studies under uniform soil strength. A new empirical solution was developed from the DLO method using the homogenisation method for the bearing capacity of soft ground under uniform soil strength, improved by the fully penetrated DM method. Results produced by the DLO approach were compared with existing analytical solutions and better agreement was found from the present model. The charts consider variation in improvement area ratio, column length and strength, and foundation width for the fully and partially penetrated DM cases. The simulations were related to real field cases in which the strength characteristics of soft soil increase with depth. An example is given to demonstrate use of the charts