Feedforward neural networks with ReLU activation functions are linear splines

In this thesis the approximation properties of feedforward articial neural networks with one hidden layer and ReLU activation functions are examined. It is shown that functions of these kind are linear splines and the number of spline knots depend on the number of nodes in the network. In fact an upper bound can be derived for the number of knots. Furthermore, the positioning of the knots depend on the optimization of the adjustable parameters of the network. A numerical example is given where the network models are compared to linear interpolating splines with equidistant positioned knots

Estimation of mass thickness response of embedded aggregated silica nanospheres from high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron micrographs

In this study we investigate the functional behavior of the intensity in high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron micrograph (STEM) images. The model material is a silica particle (20 nm) gel at 5 wt%. By assuming that the intensity response is monotonically increasing with increasing mass thickness of silica, an estimate of the functional form is calculated using a maximum likelihood approach. We conclude that a linear functional form of the intensity provides a fair estimate but that a power function is significantly better for estimating the amount of silica in the z-direction. The work adds to the development of quantifying material properties from electron micrographs, especially in the field of tomography methods and three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a STEM micrograph. It also provides means for direct three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a STEM micrograph

A Case Study of the Architecture Business Cycle for an In-Vehicle Software Architecture

This paper presents the theoretical and practical benefits from a case study using a the Architecture Business Cycle to understand the management of software architecture at an automotive manufacturer. The study was done to prepare for architectural changes driven by new technology and in the automotive business environment. Our results show that the architecture business cycle worked well in defining the theoretical context for the study after some modifications; the architecture had to be precisely defined in the interview situation to gain more useful data rather than broad generalisations. Further contributions of the study were a deeper understanding of role of the architecture and it's position among other artefacts in the organisation, and an increased focus on architectural issues in management meetings. The study also indirectly affected a subsequent re-organisation

Model updating of multiple nominally identical car components

A method for estimation of rubber bushing stiffness parameters is presented. Four individual rubber bushings, mounted in a car rear subframe are considered. A traditional model of the bushing elements using a generalised spring model, known as a CBUSH element in Nastran, is compared to a geometrically more realistic approach where the bushing is modelled with solid elements and a linear elastic material model. Each bushing is mass loaded to better reveal the bushing\u27s dynamic behaviour in a lower frequency range of interest. In an initial step, the overall subframe model is updated towards test data.In a second step, the bushing parameters are updated. Three nominally identical components are used to investigate the spread between the identified parameters. The model updating procedure is based on frequency responses and equalised damping. The undamped behaviour at frequencies below 300~Hz are considered. To quantify the parameter uncertainty, with respect to measurement noise for each individual, an uncertainty quantification procedure is proposed, using a linear-in-parameters surrogate model with bootstrapping

La creatividad enjaulada en la traducción: una perspectiva neoinstitucional sobre la comunicación de crisis

Crisis communication research has primarily focused on universal models guiding managers of various organisations in times of crisis. Even though this is about to change, a tendency remains for research in the field to overlook the impact of structural conditions on organisation’s crisis communication. In order to add to the emergent discussion on new theoretical and empirical venues within the field of crisis communication, this paper proposes a framework based on new institutional theory for analysing crisis communication practices as a societal phenomenon. New institutionalism is advocated due to its ability to shift the focus from agency to structure and in doing so emphasise the social preconditions for organisational activities. In line with this, this conceptual paper discusses crisis communication as an institution, i.e., as a set of more or less conscious ideas about formats (the organisational structures developed for crisis communication work), contents (the content of organisations’ communication in times of crisis) and contexts (the situations during which organisations are expected to perform crisis communication). Moreover, we discuss how these ideas become translated (i.e., modified) as they travel (i.e., become legitimate, popular and get widely spread) across organisational and institutional contexts. In order to illustrate the framework described above, the Swedish authorities’ communication in connection to the A/H1N1 outbreak is used as a case study

Personalizing Applications to Influence Health-Related Behaviour: An Exploration of Differences in Motivation (31)

To support health-related behaviour changes, consumers may use technologies such as smartphones, smartbands, sensors and other devices connected to the Internet of Things. Research has shown that personalising the interaction, including the interface, data, and feedback, can result in more effective outcomes in terms of the desired changes in behaviour. This paper reports on a pilot study that tested a smartphone step challenge application that was personalised based on the user’s motivational style using the Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Approach System (BIS/BAS) scales of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. The results indicated that participation in the step challenge did change the behaviour of the participants. For half the days of the challenge, the application delivered pep talks tailored to the two motivational styles and to the participant’s behaviour (taking more or fewer steps than on the previous day). While the study found that participants with different motivational styles responded differently to the motivational cues (pep talks), their responses did not appear to be influenced by the personalisation of the pep talks