The Impact of Increased Ethanol Production on Corn Basis in South Dakota

A basis model is used to empirically estimate the impact of ethanol production on the South Dakota corn basis on the district and State levels. Monthly data is used to estimate basis as a function of futures price, supply, demand, storage, and transportation costs. The independent variables used are corn futures prices, corn production, corn usage for ethanol production, corn usage by cattle, Midwest No. 2 Diesel retail sales prices, storage availability, and unit train transportation The regression results show the impact on corn basis varies by district from $0.04 to$0.27 per bushel, with a State impact of $0.24 in 2005. The impact from an additional 40 million gallon per year (MGY) ethanol plant ranges from$0.06 to $0.16 per bushel, with a State impact of$0.03. The impact from an additional 100 MGY ethanol plant ranges from $0.16 to$0.40 per bushel, with a State impact of $0.08.Crop Production/Industries,

Parent Workshops to Build Early Literacy in Preschoolers

The purpose of this project was to increase the literacy skills of preschoolers through family involvement activities. Research on the factors that contribute to early literacy and ways that parents can be involved in the literacy development of their child was examined. Two workshops were designed based on this research which suggests that the development of literacy is a gradual process which occurs long before the child enters school. Two workshops were designed to provide parents with ideas. The first was to show how to create a literacy rich environment in their home, the second, to show how parents can become involved with their child\u27s education by establishing a working relationship with the school. Ten take-home literacy activities were designed to further increase parent involvement in the literacy learning of their preschooler

Superconducting gamma-detectors for non-destructive analysis in nuclear safeguards

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, June 2010."June 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).Ultra-high energy resolution superconducting gamma ray detectors operated at temperatures of 0. 1 K can improve the accuracy of non-destructive analysis of nuclear materials. These detectors offer an order of magnitude improvement in resolution over conventional high-purity germanium detectors. The increase in resolution improves the peak-to-background ratio, and reduces errors from line overlap, therefore allowing the identification of weak gamma rays on top of a high Compton background. The higher resolution also improves the accuracy of isotope ratio measurements in fissile material. In order to understand the spectral background and improve the detector sensitivity, GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the low energy response of these superconducting detectors. The models are used to identify the spectral contributions from Compton scattering and from the detector shielding to assess the feasibility of identifying fissile material in spent nuclear fuel. The detector simulations are compared for accuracy to experimental data. We discuss the superconducting detector model, possible improvements in spectrometer configuration, and their use in nuclear safeguards by the IAEA.by Andrea Elizabeth Robles Olson.S.B

Effects of infrequent dried distillers grain supplementation on spring-calving cow performance

Feed and supplement costs and the expenses associated with delivery of winter supplements account for a large proportion of the total operating expenditures for cow-calf producers. Cattle grazing low-quality dormant native range (<6% crude protein) typically are unable to consume sufficient protein from the forage base, which limits microbial activity and forage digestion. Supplemental protein often is required to maintain cow body weight and body condition score during the last trimester of pregnancy. Low cow body condition scores at calving are common and may negatively affect lactation, rebreeding rates, and calf weaning weight. Failure to maintain proper nutritional status during this period severely affects short-term cow performance, reduces overall herd productivity, and limits profit potential. The most effective means of supplying supplemental protein to cows consuming dormant native range is to provide a small amount of high-protein feedstuff (>30% crude protein). Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) are a by-product of the ethanol refining process. Distillers grains supply the recommended 30% crude protein level, are readily available, and often are favorably priced compared with more traditional feedstuffs. With the rising costs of inputs in today’s cow-calf sector, reducing cost is necessary to maintain viability of the national cowherd. Reducing the frequency of supplementation results in less labor and fuel use, effectively reducing input costs; however, this is viable only as long as cow performance is maintained at acceptable levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of infrequent supplementation of dried distillers grains with solubles on cow body weight and body condition score

Reentry Home after Disaster Relief Work in Haiti: A Mixed Methods Study of the Reentry Process of Medical Professionals

Background and Purpose: Physical therapists and other health care workers are now playing a greater role in disaster relief work after the 2010 earthquake of Haiti. Many of the volunteers were prepared for the work they did while abroad. What they failed to prepare themselves for was re-entry upon their return home. Little information is available on the challenges of returning home after the intense experience of volunteering in Haiti. The purpose of this mixed methods study was to investigate the re-entry process of health care providers, including physical therapists, who participated in relief work in Haiti. Methods: A total of 90 participants completed the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) survey and 15 participants chose to participate in a phenomenological interview. The ProQOL was used to assess the level of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, experienced by participants upon their return home. The ProQOL provided a general sense of the challenges of re-entry while the interviews provided a deep description of the experience. The interview transcripts were analyzed using the descriptive approach described by Giorgi (1975, 1997) and Dahlberg, Drew, and Nyström (2002). This process involved a whole-parts-whole type of holistic examination of the interview texts until the constituents of the experience were revealed. Results: Descriptive statistics revealed our study population had low levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout, and high levels of compassion satisfaction compared to the normal range. Chronbach’s alpha was statistically significant (p\u3c.001) for each of these three variables, indicating that the ProQOL tool had high internal consistency. The essence of re-entry home was signified by constituents including (a) personal challenges, (b) family challenges, (c) professional challenges, and (d) creative coping strategies, to deal with the challenges of re-entry. Conclusion(s): Several common themes emerged amongst participants in regard to their return home experiences. By understanding the experience of re-entry after serving in disaster relief work, we can better anticipate the support needed for those who engage in this work

Webinar: Community Transportation Academies: Rethinking Effective Community Engagement Around Transportation Decision-Making

This webinar will introduce you to the concept of the Community Transportation Academy (CTA), a model which has been operating in Portland for over 30 years in the form of the Portland Traffic and Transportation (PTT) class. Now catching on in other cities, the project team recently implemented the Wasatch Transportation Academy (WTA) in Salt Lake City. The presenters also include key stakeholders (and guest lecturers) in the WTA, and the PTT instructor. The presentation will include discussions about why CTAs can be good for both community members and transportation agencies/practitioners, and how you can bring a CTA to your city.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/trec_webinar/1081/thumbnail.jp

Novice Interpreters, American Sign Language Proficiency, and the National Interpreter Certification Performance Exam

More than 40 years after American Sign Language (ASL) and interpreter education were first offered as programs of study in higher education, little is known about the level of ASL proficiency of graduates from baccalaureate degree programs in interpreting and what level of ASL proficiency may be associated with passing the performance portion of the National Interpreter Certification (NIC) examination. With this in mind, we posed three questions: 1) What is the distribution of ASL Proficiency Interview (ASLPI) ratings of a national sample of novice interpreters relatively near the time of graduation from baccalaureate degree programs in interpreting? 2) What is the distribution of ASLPI ratings of a national sample of novice interpreters relatively near the time of taking the NIC Performance Exam? 3) What is the relationship between ASLPI ratings and passing/not passing the NIC Performance Exam? Results showed that relatively closer to IEP graduation (N = 134), about 56% of ASLPI proficiency levels were at or below Level 2+ and 44% were at or above Level 3. For ASLPI proficiency levels obtained relatively closer to taking the NIC Performance Exam (N = 154), about 30% were at or below Level 2+ and 70% of ratings were at or above Level 3. Results showed that all those who passed the NIC Performance Exam, and who had a rating for the ASLPI taken relatively closer to taking the NIC Performance Exam (N = 27), obtained an ASLPI proficiency level of 3 or higher. However, it is important to note that approximately 75% of participants who obtained a proficiency level of 3 or higher did not pass the NIC Performance Exam the first time they took it. Additionally, the higher the ASLPI level, the higher the proportion of people passing the NIC Performance Exam. This study has implications for further research regarding ASL proficiency for students entering and exiting IEPs and preparing for national credentialing

The Forum: Spring 2011

Spring 2011 journal of the Honors Program at the University of North Dakota. The issue includes stories, poems, essays and art by undergraduate students.https://commons.und.edu/und-books/1064/thumbnail.jp

Orders out of chaos – molecular phylogenetics reveals the complexity of shark and stingray tapeworm relationships

Novel molecular data are presented to resolve the long-standing issue of the non-monophyly of the elasmobranch-hosted tapeworm order Tetraphyllidea relative to the other acetabulate eucestode orders. Bayesian Inference analyses of various combinations of full ssrDNA, and full or partial lsrDNA (D1-D3), sequence data, which included 134 species representing 97 genera across the 15 eucestode orders, were conducted. New ssrDNA data were generated for 82 species, partial lsrDNA data for 53 species, and full lsrDNA data for 29 species. The monophyly of each of the elasmobranch-hosted orders Cathetocephalidea, Litobothriidea, Lecanicephalidea, and Rhinebothriidea was confirmed, as was the non-monophyly of the Tetraphyllidea. Two relatively stable groups of tetraphyllidean taxa emerged and are hereby designated as new orders. The Onchoproteocephalidea n. ord. is established to recognize the integrated nature of one undescribed and ten described genera of hook-bearing tetraphyllideans, previously of the family Onchobothriidae, with the members of the order Proteocephalidea. The Phyllobothriidea n. ord. is established for a subset of 12 non-hooked genera characterized by scoleces bearing four bothridia each with an anterior accessory sucker; most parasitise sharks and have been assigned to the Phyllobothriidae at one time or another. Tentative ordinal placements are suggested for 8 additional genera; placements for the remaining tetraphyllidean genera have not yet emerged. We propose these 17 genera remain in the “Tetraphyllidea”. Among these, particularly labile across analyses were Anthobothrium, Megalonchos, Carpobothrium, Calliobothrium, and Caulobothrium. The unique association of Chimaerocestus with holocephalans, rather than with elasmobranchs, appears to represent a host-switching event. Both of the non-elasmobranch hosted clades of acetabulate cestodes (i.e., Proteocephalidea and Cyclophyllidea and their kin) appear to have had their origins with elasmobranch cestodes. Across analyses, the sister group to the clade of “terrestrial” cestode orders was found to be an elasmobranch-hosted genus; as was the sister to the freshwater fish and tetrapod-hosted Proteocephalidea. Whilst further data are required to resolve outstanding nomenclatural and phylogenetic issues, the present analyses contribute significantly to an understanding of the evolutionary radiation of the entire Cestoda. Clearly, elasmobranch tapeworms comprise the backbone of cestode phylogeny