Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadTo examine the association between prenatal gluten exposure and offspring risk of type 1 diabetes in humans. National prospective cohort study. National health information registries in Denmark. Pregnant Danish women enrolled into the Danish National Birth Cohort, between January 1996 and October 2002, MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal gluten intake, based on maternal consumption of gluten containing foods, was reported in a 360 item food frequency questionnaire at week 25 of pregnancy. Information on type 1 diabetes occurrence in the participants' children, from 1 January 1996 to 31 May 2016, were obtained through registry linkage to the Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes.Kirsten and Freddy Johansens Foundation March of Dimes Foundation Innovation Fund Denmark Danish Heart Association Sygekassernes Helsefond Danish National Research Foundatio

Liraglutide changes body composition and lowers added sugar intake in overweight persons with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes

Funding Information: We thank the participants and research team members Anette Hougaard and Merete Meldgaard Andersen for making this study possible. This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Novo Nordisk A/S. The funder had no role in any part of this article. Funding Information: S.S. has served on an advisory panel for Medtronic and has received a research fellowship grant from the Danish Diabetes Academy supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. C.S.F. has received research support and lecture fees from Novo Nordisk. T.F.D. has served on advisory panels for Novo Nordisk, has received research support from Novo Nordisk and AstraZeneca and has received lecture fees from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Sanofi‐Aventis and Boehringer‐Ingelheim. D.V. is a shareholder in Novo Nordisk. J‐E.B.J. has served on advisory panels for Amgen, Eli Lilly, UCB Pharma, and Gedeon Richter, and has received lecture fees from Amgen, Eli Lilly, UCB Pharma, Gilead and Otsuka. S.M. has served on advisory panels for AstraZeneca, Boehringer‐Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dome, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Bayer, has received lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer‐Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi, and has received research grants from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer‐Ingelheim. H.U.A. is a shareholder in Novo Nordisk, has served on advisory panels for Abbott, Novo Nordisk and AstraZeneca, and has received lecture fees from Nordic Infucare. K.N. is a shareholder in Novo Nordisk, has received research support from Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics, Medtronic and Zealand Pharma, has received lecture fees from Medtronic, Roche Diagnostics, Rubin Medical, Sanofi, Zealand Pharma, Novo Nordisk and Dexcom, and has served on advisory panels for Medtronic, Abbott and Novo Nordisk. T.H. and S.F.O. have nothing to declare. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Aims: To present secondary outcome analyses of liraglutide treatment in overweight adults with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes (T1D), focusing on changes in body composition and dimensions, and to evaluate changes in food intake to identify potential dietary drivers of liraglutide-associated weight loss. Materials and methods: A 26-week randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide 1.8 mg daily in 44 overweight adults with insulin pump-treated T1D and glucose levels above target, and demonstrated significant glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)- and body weight-reducing effects. For secondary outcome analysis, dual X-ray absorptiometry scans were completed at Weeks 0 and 26, and questionnaire-based food frequency recordings were obtained at Weeks 0, 13 and 26 to characterize liraglutide-induced changes in body composition and food intake. Results: Total fat and lean body mass decreased in liraglutide-treated participants (fat mass −4.6 kg [95% confidence interval {CI} −5.7; −3.5], P < 0.001; lean mass −2.5 kg [95% CI −3.2;-1.7], P < 0.001), but remained stable in placebo-treated participants (fat mass −0.3 kg [95% CI −1.3;0.8], P = 0.604; lean mass 0.0 kg [95% CI −0.7;0.7]; P = 0.965 [between-group P values <0.001]). Participants reduced their energy intake numerically more in the liraglutide arm (−1.1 MJ [95% CI −2.0;-0.02], P = 0.02) than in the placebo arm (−0.9 MJ [95% CI −2.0;0.1], P = 0.22), but the between-group difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.42). However, energy derived from added sugars decreased by 27% in the liraglutide arm compared with an increase of 14% in the placebo arm (P = 0.004). Conclusions: Liraglutide lowered fat and lean body mass compared with placebo. Further, liraglutide reduced intake of added sugars. However, no significant difference in total daily energy intake was detected between liraglutide- and placebo-treated participants.Peer reviewe