Exome sequencing reveals predominantly de novo variants in disorders with intellectual disability (ID) in the founder population of Finland

The genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) has mainly been studied in consanguineous families, however, founder populations may also be of interest to study intellectual disability (ID) and the contribution of ARID. Here, we used a genotype-driven approach to study the genetic landscape of ID in the founder population of Finland. A total of 39 families with syndromic and non-syndromic ID were analyzed using exome sequencing, which revealed a variant in a known ID gene in 27 families. Notably, 75% of these variants in known ID genes were de novo or suspected de novo (64% autosomal dominant; 11% X-linked) and 25% were inherited (14% autosomal recessive; 7% X-linked; and 4% autosomal dominant). A dual molecular diagnosis was suggested in two families (5%). Via additional analysis and molecular testing, we identified three cases with an abnormal molecular karyotype, including chr21q22.12q22.2 uniparental disomy with a mosaic interstitial 2.7 Mb deletion covering DYRK1A and KCNJ6. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 64% (25/39) of the families. Last, we report an alternate inheritance model for 3 known ID genes (UBA7, DDX47, DHX58) and discuss potential candidate genes for ID, including SYPL1 and ERGIC3 with homozygous founder variants and de novo variants in POLR2F and DNAH3. In summary, similar to other European populations, de novo variants were the most common variants underlying ID in the studied Finnish population, with limited contribution of ARID to ID etiology, though mainly driven by founder and potential founder variation in the latter case.Peer reviewe

Increased Incidence and Clinical Picture of Childhood Narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Vaccination Campaign in Finland

Peer reviewe

Exome sequencing reveals predominantly de novo variants in disorders with intellectual disability (ID) in the founder population of Finland

The genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) has mainly been studied in consanguineous families, however, founder populations may also be of interest to study intellectual disability (ID) and the contribution of ARID. Here, we used a genotype-driven approach to study the genetic landscape of ID in the founder population of Finland. A total of 39 families with syndromic and non-syndromic ID were analyzed using exome sequencing, which revealed a variant in a known ID gene in 27 families. Notably, 75% of these variants in known ID genes were de novo or suspected de novo (64% autosomal dominant; 11% X-linked) and 25% were inherited (14% autosomal recessive; 7% X-linked; and 4% autosomal dominant). A dual molecular diagnosis was suggested in two families (5%). Via additional analysis and molecular testing, we identified three cases with an abnormal molecular karyotype, including chr21q22.12q22.2 uniparental disomy with a mosaic interstitial 2.7 Mb deletion covering DYRK1A and KCNJ6. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 64% (25/39) of the families. Last, we report an alternate inheritance model for 3 known ID genes (UBA7, DDX47, DHX58) and discuss potential candidate genes for ID, including SYPL1 and ERGIC3 with homozygous founder variants and de novo variants in POLR2F and DNAH3. In summary, similar to other European populations, de novo variants were the most common variants underlying ID in the studied Finnish population, with limited contribution of ARID to ID etiology, though mainly driven by founder and potential founder variation in the latter case

Additions to the spectrum and energy levels and a critical compilation of singly-ionized boron, B II

We have undertaken a number of experimental studies of the structure of singly ionized boron, B II. Much of this work was initially motivated by a search for the "missing" 2s3s S-1 term. There was a surprising disagreement between theory and experiment for this level. In this context lots of data for B II were collected over the years, from beam-foil experiments, high-resolution spark spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The new material, which includes more than 80 newly classified (or revised) spectral lines, has now been thoroughly analyzed. This was followed by a critical compilation of all known levels and lines of B II, along with the theoretical interpretation of the levels, classifications of the lines and calculated transition probabilities for most lines

Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland. PLoS One 7

Abstract Background: Narcolepsy is a rare neurological sleep disorder especially in children who are younger than 10 years. In the beginning of 2010, an exceptionally large number of Finnish children suffered from an abrupt onset of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy. Therefore, we carried out a systematic analysis of the incidence of narcolepsy in Finland between the years 2002-2010

Annual incidence of narcolepsy by age group and year of diagnosis.

<p>Annual incidence of narcolepsy by age group and year of diagnosis.</p

Number of new diagnoses of narcolepsy among adults aged 20 years or more by year of diagnosis.

<p>Number of new diagnoses of narcolepsy among adults aged 20 years or more by year of diagnosis.</p

Clinical findings.

§<p>This table contains information of only those 6 subjects who were aged≤17 years at diagnosis. The other 10 of the 16 subjects reported by Dauvilliers et al.2010³⁴ were older. They were not included to enable comparisons.</p>#<p>We defined weight gain as an increase of body mass index (BMI) >5%. Aran et al⁴⁰ defined it as >4 kg weight gain. NC: narcolepsy and cataplexy; NwC: narcolepsy without cataplexy. N/A: Not applicable; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of mean. Statistically significant differences between our study and other studies are marked as.</p>***<p>for P<0.001,</p>**<p>for P<0.01 and,</p>*<p>for P<0.05. The numbers (N = ) in parenthesis refer to number of subjects with data.</p><p>Comparison of the present study and published studies from literature for children aged≤17 years.</p

Exome sequencing reveals predominantly de novo variants in disorders with intellectual disability (ID) in the founder population of Finland

Abstract The genetics of autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) has mainly been studied in consanguineous families, however, founder populations may also be of interest to study intellectual disability (ID) and the contribution of ARID. Here, we used a genotype-driven approach to study the genetic landscape of ID in the founder population of Finland. A total of 39 families with syndromic and non-syndromic ID were analyzed using exome sequencing, which revealed a variant in a known ID gene in 27 families. Notably, 75% of these variants in known ID genes were de novo or suspected de novo (64% autosomal dominant; 11% X-linked) and 25% were inherited (14% autosomal recessive; 7% X-linked; and 4% autosomal dominant). A dual molecular diagnosis was suggested in two families (5%). Via additional analysis and molecular testing, we identified three cases with an abnormal molecular karyotype, including chr21q22.12q22.2 uniparental disomy with a mosaic interstitial 2.7 Mb deletion covering DYRK1A and KCNJ6. Overall, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 64% (25/39) of the families. Last, we report an alternate inheritance model for 3 known ID genes (UBA7, DDX47, DHX58) and discuss potential candidate genes for ID, including SYPL1 and ERGIC3 with homozygous founder variants and de novo variants in POLR2F and DNAH3. In summary, similar to other European populations, de novo variants were the most common variants underlying ID in the studied Finnish population, with limited contribution of ARID to ID etiology, though mainly driven by founder and potential founder variation in the latter case