A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO INFLUENCER DIGITAL – APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A RELAÇÃO DE CONSUMO E PRESSUPOSTOS DA RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL (Direito)

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a culpabilidade dos influenciadoresdigitais caracterizada juridicamente como responsabilidade civil, quando realizações dedivulgações, em suas redes sociais, que possam ocasionar danos aos consumidores. Com aevolução e crescimento desenfreado do comércio digital e o surgimento das vendas atravésdas mídias sociais, surge uma nova profissão não regulamentada: o influencer digital. Apesarde ser uma profissão sem regulamentação específica no ordenamento jurídico, deve serobservado os preceitos constitucionais e os dispositivos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor(CDC) direcionados numa relação de consumo, visto que os influenciadores assumem umaposição de garantidores em face dos produtos e serviços por ele indicados. Diante disso, opresente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o entendimento doutrinário, juntamente com oestudo casuístico para testar hipóteses de responsabilidade na relação de consumo em face aos influenciadores digitais, tendo em vista a capacidade de persuasão que os influenciadorespossuem. Verificou-se que sob a ótica do instituto da responsabilidade civil, pode-se chegar àresponsabilização dessa categoria pelos danos acarretados aos consumidores, mas quetambém as decisões recentes dos Tribunais têm demonstrado que na prática a aplicação da leinão é absoluta, devendo cada litígio ser analisado sobre uma ótica especificamente

The influence of bias in randomized controlled trials on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates: what we have learned from meta-epidemiological studies

This study aimed to synthesize evidence from studies that addressed the influence of bias domains in randomized controlled trials on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates and discuss how these findings can maximize the trustworthiness of an RCT in rehabilitation. We screened studies about the influence of bias on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates published until June 2023. The characteristics and results of the included studies were categorized based on methodological characteristics and summarized narratively. We included seven studies with data on 227,806 RCT participants. Our findings showed that rehabilitation intervention effect estimates are likely exaggerated in trials with inadequate/unclear sequence generation and allocation concealment when using continuous outcomes. The influence of blinding was inconsistent and different from the rest of medical science, as meta-epidemiological studies showed overestimation, underestimation, or neutral associations for different types of blinding on rehabilitation treatment effect estimates. Still, it showed a more consistent pattern when looking at patient-reported outcomes. The impact of attrition bias and intention to treat has been analyzed only in two studies with inconsistent results. The risk of reporting bias seems to be associated with overestimation of treatment effects. Bias domains can influence rehabilitation treatment effects in different directions. The evidence is mixed and inconclusive due to the poor methodological quality of RCTs and the limited number and quality of studies looking at the influence of bias and treatment effects in rehabilitation. Further studies about the influence of bias in RCTs on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates are needed

Activating Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors are associated with the severity of COVID-19

©2021 The Author(s). . This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. This document is the Accepted, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in The Journal of Infectious Diseases. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab228Background: Etiopathogenesis of the clinical variability of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains mostly unknown. Here we investigate the role of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/Human Leukocyte Antigen Class-I (HLA-I) interactions in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Methods: KIR and HLA-I genotyping and NK cell (NKc) receptors immunophenotyping in 201 symptomatic patients and 210 non-infected controls. Results: NKcs with a distinctive immunophenotype, suggestive of recent activation (KIR2DS4low CD16low CD226low CD56high TIGIThigh NKG2Ahigh), expanded in patients with severe COVID-19. This was associated with a higher frequency of the functional A-telomeric activating KIR2DS4 in severe than mild/moderate patients and controls (83.7%, 55.7% and 36.2%, p<7.7x10-9). In mild/moderate patients HLA-B*15:01 was associated with higher frequencies of activating B-telomeric KIR3DS1 compared to patients with other HLA-B*15 subtypes and non-infected controls (90.9%, 42.9% and 47.3%, p<0.002, Pc=0.022). This strongly suggests that HLA-B*15:01 specifically presenting SARS-CoV-2 peptides could form a neo-ligand interacting with KIR3DS1. Similarly, a putative neo-ligand for KIR2DS4 could arise from other HLA-I molecules presenting SARS-CoV-2 peptides expressed on infected/activated lung antigen presenting cells. Conclusions: Our results support a crucial role of NKcs in the clinical variability of COVID-19 with specific KIR/Ligand interactions associated to disease severity

Black list and Alert list of the Aquatic Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula: an action of the LIFE INVASAQUA

Resumen del trabajo presentado en VI Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras y I Congreso Ibérico sobre EEI (EEI 2022) celebrado en Navarra del 20 al 23 de abril de 2022.One of the objectives of LIFE INVASQUA project is to develop tools that will be more efficient the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR) framework for Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula. Horizon scanning for high-risk IAS is basic in implementing measures to reduce new invasions, developing Alert lists, and to focus effort in the species already established, for instance making a Black list. We developed a trans national horizon scanning exercise focused on inland waters of Spain and Portugal in order to provide a prioritized lists (Black list and Alert list) of aquatic IAS that may pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and socio economic sectors in the future. We followed a step approach of existing information about IAS (Plants, Freshwater Invertebrates, Estuarine Invertebrates and Vertebrates; 127 established taxa in Black list; 90 non established taxa in Alert list) combining with an expert scoring of prioritized taxa. IAS established in the Iberian aquatic system consistently highlighted as the worst included vertebrates (e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Silurus glanis), freshwater and estuarine invertebrates (e.g. Procambarus clarkii, Dreissena polymorpha, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Callinectes sapidus, Corbicula fluminea) and plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora). Amongst taxa not yet established (Alert list), expert pointed to Perna viridis, Hydroides dirampha, Dreissena bugensis, Procambarus fallax f. virginallis, Perccottus glenii with higher risk of invasion, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 20.6% of the taxa in the preliminary black list received no votes (no prioritization) by experts, 17.8% in the innitial alert list. Our horizon scanning approach is inclusive of all-taxa, prioritizes both established and emerging biological threats across trans-national scales, and considers not only the ecological impact, but also potential direct economic consequences as well as the manageability of invasive species.This work received funds from the LIFE Programme (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515)

Covid-19 And Rheumatic Autoimmune Systemic Diseases: Role of Pre-Existing Lung Involvement and Ongoing Treatments

The Covid-19 pandemic may have a deleterious impact on patients with autoimmune systemic diseases (ASD) due to their deep immune-system alterations

Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption for Treatment of Capillary Leak Syndrome Superimposed to Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustolosis: A Case Report

Coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) is an extracorporeal supportive therapy based on nonspecific adsorption of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators combined with continuous renal replacement therapy. The main field of CPFA application is septic shock, and there are limited data about its efficacy in the treatment of other acute conditions characterized by a dysregulation in immune homeostasis. Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) defines a life-threatening condition sustained by hypercytokinemia and characterized by abrupt onset of increased capillary permeability leading to severe generalized edema and hypovolemic shock refractory to fluid administration. Therapy for CLS is not specific and, at present time, it consists in the use of steroids or intravenous immunoglobulins. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who developed CLS superimposed to acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis after initiating therapy with hydroxychloroquine for undifferentiated connective tissue disease. CLS did not respond to steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins, while it was successfully treated with CPFA. This observation supports the possible role of CPFA in restoring a proper immunologic homeostasis not only in sepsis but also in other devastating conditions sustained by hypercytokinemia

Adsorption therapy and septic shock: a retrospective study comparing Coupled Plasma Filtration-Adsorption and CytoSorb

Background and Aims: Septic shock is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Excessive release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators is a key mechanism and cytokines adsorption therapies are applied in this context to restore a balanced immune homeostasis. Different adsorption techniques are available but there are no studies comparing these different adsorption approaches. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to compare Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption (CPFA) and CytoSorbTM in terms of hemodynamic and clinical response, mortality and renal function recover