Performance of in-house assay versus prototype kit.

<p>The normalized MFI values (n) and avidity index (a) for the in-house assay and kit were compared for drug naïve, known recent (infected <6 months) and long-term (infected >1 year) specimens. The boxes represent the 25^th to 75^th percentile of reactivity, while the middle lines represent the median values. Black dots indicate the 5^th to 95^th percentile of reactivity. </p

Independent predictors of rate of CD4 decline^a.

a<p>Co-variates in the model were subtype, baseline CD4+ T-cell count, baseline log₁₀ viral load and age. Baseline log₁₀ viral load was borderline statistically significant.</p

Inter-laboratory kit performance.

<p>The normalized MFI values (n) and avidity index (a) of known recent and long-term specimens, as measured by the prototype kits, were compared for each laboratory. </p

Cumulative proportion of HIV-1 patients initiating antiretroviral therapy by infecting subtype.

<p>Cumulative proportion of HIV-1 patients initiating antiretroviral therapy by infecting subtype.</p

Characteristics of patients by HIV-1 subtype^a.

a<p>Statistical tests as detailed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0015738#s2" target="_blank">methods</a> section.</p

Staging of identified HIV infections based on HIV RNA (viral load), p24 antigen, antibodies, limiting antigen (LAg) avidity results and Western Blot (W. Blot).

<p>All the red-blue dots represent participants with HIV infections that were misdiagnosed by rapid HIV tests at the points-of-care. Solid blue line represents HIV viral load during early HIV stage, and dotted blue line represents HIV viral load fluctuation during the chronic stage. Red dotted line represents eclipse stage where all HIV tests are negative. Double red lines represent HIV viral load set-point. Participants with LAg avidity results <1.5 OD-n values had early HIV infections and those with LAg results >1.5 OD-n values had chronic HIV infections. N/A = not applicable, + = positive, - = negative, < = less than, > = greater than, +/- = positive or negative results.</p

Sociodemographic and risk behavior characteristics, N = 1,028.

<p>Sociodemographic and risk behavior characteristics, N = 1,028.</p

Characteristics of participants diagnosed with acute or early HIV infection.

<p>Characteristics of participants diagnosed with acute or early HIV infection.</p

Algorithm showing enrolment and testing of participants.

<p>Participants’ baseline rapid results were reviewed if they had positive HIV RNA results. Those who had negative rapid test and receiving antiretroviral therapy, and those enrolled by mistake (positive baseline rapid test) were excluded. Ag = antigen, Ab = antibody, W. Blot = Western Blot.</p

Maps of HCV infections by neighborhoods.

<p>Maps of HCV infections by neighborhoods.</p