Compartimentação geológica e geocronológica dos terrenos do embasamento norte da faixa Brasília

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2014.O Maciço de Goiás é composto por terrenos arqueano-paleoproterozoicos que representam o embasamento da Faixa Brasília. O maciço é dividido de sudoeste para nordeste nos domínios Crixás-Goiás, Campinorte, Cavalcante-Arraias e Almas-Conceição do Tocantins com base em critérios petrográficos, geológicos, tectônicos e geocronológicos. Esta tese é dividida de forma a explorar dois tópicos principais: a definição do Arco Paleoproterozoico Campinorte e uma revisão regional do contexto tectônico de formação do Maciço de Goiás. O Arco Campinorte é um arco de ilhas formado entre 2,19 e 2,07 Ga, pouco exposto, em contato com o Arco Magmático de Goiás pela Falha Rio dos Bois na Faixa Brasília Norte, Brasil Central. O arco é dividido em Suíte Pau de Mel, que inclui metatonalitos a metamonzogranitos, e rochas meta-vulcanossedimentares da Sequência Campinorte. Geoquímica de rocha total da Suíte Pau de Mel indica pelo menos três magmas parentais distintos compatíveis com assinaturas de arco vulcânico e que progridem a composições de termos monzograníticos mais evoluídos. Paragranulitos e granulitos máficos expostos na região também são parte do Arco Campinorte e foram gerados quando a bacia de back arc passou por tectonic switching e consequente afinamento litosférico de 2,14-2,09 Ga com pico de metamorfismo entre 2,11-2,08 Ga. Proximidade geográfica, idade máxima de sedimentação e a ocorrência de tipos de rocha similares, incluindo vulcanismo félsico, indicam que o Arco Campinorte e as faixas de greenstone belt de Crixás e Guarinos podem ter compartilhado a mesma fonte de sedimentos. A comumente citada hipótese de que os domínios Campinorte e Crixás-Goiás representaram blocos alóctones durante o Ciclo Neoproterozoico Brasiliano é questionada com base em novos dados geocronológicos apresentados nesta tese e na reinterpretação de dados publicados na literatura geológica. Primeiramente, estudos sísmicos e gravimétricos sugerem que o forte contraste entre os domínios Campinorte e Cavalcante-Arraias, marcado em superfície pelo Empurrão Rio Maranhão, podem ser explicados por evento de delaminação Neoproterozoico da crosta inferior, afetando tanto orógenos brasilianos quanto o terreno contra o qual eles foram acrescionados, o Domínio Campinorte. Em segundo lugar, rochas do Arco Campinorte afloram ao longo 7 do traço do Empurrão Rio Maranhão e nenhuma rocha neoproterozoica sin-collisional foi descrita ao longo deste importante limite geológico. Em terceiro lugar, granitos mesoproterozoicos da Suprovíncia Tocantins intrudiram ambos os lados do Empurrão Rio Maranhão e, portanto, indicam que os dois domínios estavam amalgamados antes do Mesoproterozoico. Eventos de rifte contemporâneos no Maciço de Goiás e no Cráton São Francisco por volta de 1,77 Ga e 1,58 Ga sugerem que maciço e cráton podem ter sido parte do mesmo paleocontinente. A ocorrência de orógenos formados entre 2,2-2,0 Ga com pico metamórifco entre 2,12-2,05 Ga tanto no Maciço de Goiás quanto no Cráton São Francisco podem indicar que não apenas eles eram parte do mesmo paleocontinente como também foram amalgamados no mesmo ciclo tectônico. Essa tese propõe que este evento de amalgamamento responsável pela formação do Paleocontinente São Francisco entre 2,2-2,0 Ga seja chamado Evento Franciscano. O paleocontinente eventualmente tornou-se parte da massa continental Atlântica como um bloco estável durante o amalgamamento do Supercontinente Columbia entre 1,9-1,8 Ga.The Goiás Massif is composed of Archean-Paleoproterozoic terranes that represent the Brasília Belt basement. The massif is divided from southwest to northeast into the Crixás-Goiás, Campinorte, Cavalcante-Arraias and Almas-Conceição do Tocantins domains based on petrographical and geochronological criteria. This thesis is divided into exploring two main points; the definition of the Paleoproterozoic Campinorte Arc and the regional review of the Goiás Massif tectonic framework. The Campinorte Arc is a poorly exposed 2.19 to 2.07 Ga Paleoproterozoic island arc in contact with the Goiás Magmatic Arc by the Rio dos Bois Fault in the northern Brasília Belt, Central Brazil. The arc is divided into Pau de Mel Suite, which includes metatonalites to metamonzogranites, and the Campinorte Volcano-sedimentary Sequence. Pau de Mel Suite whole rock geochemistry indicates at least three separate coeval parental magmas compatible with volcanic arc signatures that trend from an intraplate setting toward more evolved monzogranitic composition. Paragranulites and mafic granulites exposed in the region are also part of the Campinorte Arc and were generated when the back arc basin underwent tectonic switching and consequent lithospheric thinning from 2.14 to 2.09 Ga with metamorphic peak from 2.11 to 2.08 Ga. Geographic proximity, coeval maximum sedimentation and the occurrence of similar rock types including felsic volcanism indicate that the Campinorte Arc and the neighbouring Crixás/Guarinos greenstone belts may have shared the same source of sediments. The commonly cited hypothesis that the Campinorte and Crixás-Goiás domains represented an allochthonous block during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Orogeny is questioned in this thesis based on new geochronology and reinterpretation of published data. First, seismic and gravimetric studies that suggest a sharp crustal thickness contrast between the Campinorte and Cavalcante-Arraias domains, and marked in surface by the Rio Maranhão Thrust, can be explained by a Neoproterozoic lower crust delamination affecting both Brasiliano orogens and the terrane they were accreted against, the Campinorte Domain. Second, Paleoproterozoic Campinorte Arc rocks crop out along the Rio Maranhão Thrust and no Neoproterozoic collisional rocks have been 9 reported along this important geological limit. Third, Tocantins Suprovince Mesoproterozoic granites intruded both sides of the Rio Maranhão Thrust and, therefore, indicate the two domains were amalgamated prior to the Mesoproterozoic. Coeval Goiás Massif and São Francisco Craton rifting events around 1.76 Ga and 1.58 Ga suggest they were actually part of the same paleoplate. The occurrence of 2.2 to 2.0 Ga orogens with metamorphic peak from 2.12 to 2.05 Ga in both the Goiás Massif and São Francisco Craton might suggest that not only they were part of the same plate but they also were assembled in the same tectonic cycle. This thesis proposes this amalgamation event to the responsible for the formation of the São Francisco Paleoplate itself from 2.2 to 2.0 Ga and henceforth named Franciscano Event. The plate eventually became part of the Atlantica Landmass as a stable block during the Columbia Supercontinent amalgamation from 1.9 to 1.8 Ga

SARS-CoV-2 introductions and early dynamics of the epidemic in Portugal

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal was rapidly implemented by the National Institute of Health in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic, in collaboration with more than 50 laboratories distributed nationwide. Methods By applying recent phylodynamic models that allow integration of individual-based travel history, we reconstructed and characterized the spatio-temporal dynamics of SARSCoV-2 introductions and early dissemination in Portugal. Results We detected at least 277 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions, mostly from European countries (namely the United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy, and Switzerland), which were consistent with the countries with the highest connectivity with Portugal. Although most introductions were estimated to have occurred during early March 2020, it is likely that SARS-CoV-2 was silently circulating in Portugal throughout February, before the first cases were confirmed. Conclusions Here we conclude that the earlier implementation of measures could have minimized the number of introductions and subsequent virus expansion in Portugal. This study lays the foundation for genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Portugal, and highlights the need for systematic and geographically-representative genomic surveillance.We gratefully acknowledge to Sara Hill and Nuno Faria (University of Oxford) and Joshua Quick and Nick Loman (University of Birmingham) for kindly providing us with the initial sets of Artic Network primers for NGS; Rafael Mamede (MRamirez team, IMM, Lisbon) for developing and sharing a bioinformatics script for sequence curation (https://github.com/rfm-targa/BioinfUtils); Philippe Lemey (KU Leuven) for providing guidance on the implementation of the phylodynamic models; Joshua L. Cherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) for providing guidance with the subsampling strategies; and all authors, originating and submitting laboratories who have contributed genome data on GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org/) on which part of this research is based. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. This study is co-funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Agência de Investigação Clínica e Inovação Biomédica (234_596874175) on behalf of the Research 4 COVID-19 call. Some infrastructural resources used in this study come from the GenomePT project (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022184), supported by COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Lisboa Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa2020), Algarve Portugal Regional Operational Programme (CRESC Algarve2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others