Knowledge and attitude of parents or caretakers regarding transmissibility os caries disease

Dental caries is a transmissible infectious disease in which mutans streptococci are generally considered to be the main etiological agents. Although the transmissibility of dental caries is relatively well established in the literature, little is known whether information regarding this issue is correctly provided to the population. The present study aimed at evaluating, by means of a questionnaire, the knowledge and usual attitude of 640 parents and caretakers regarding the transmissibility of caries disease. Most interviewed adults did not know the concept of dental caries being an infectious and transmissible disease, and reported the habit of blowing and tasting food, sharing utensils and kissing the children on their mouth. 372 (58.1%) adults reported that their children had already been seen by a dentist, 264 (41.3%) answered that their children had never gone to a dentist, and 4 (0.6%) did not know. When the adults were asked whether their children had already had dental caries, 107 (16.7%) answered yes, 489 (76.4%) answered no, and 44 (6.9%) did not know. Taken together, these data reinforce the need to provide the population with some important information regarding the transmission of dental caries in order to facilitate a more comprehensive approach towards the prevention of the disease

PROCESSO DE NEGOCIAÇÃO E TRANSFERÊNCIA DE TECNOLOGIA EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO MULTICAMPI: CASO DO IFBA

A transferência de tecnologia é um processo pelo qual após o desenvolvimento de um produto ou processo cientifico e tecnológico, o que chamamos de Propriedade Intelectual, por meio de pesquisas, em um ambiente apropriado, principalmente, acadêmico, seu resultado é transferido, através de acordos, parcerias e negociações, para analisar a melhor proposta, a fim de ser aprimorado o seu desenvolvimento e colocado no mercado, com isso contribuindo com o avanço econômico do país, alimentando a competitividade comercial. Esse processo a cada dia tem se firmado no cenário tecnológico de maneira muito contundente e segura, tendo em vista a apropriação do bem intangível e a necessidade de salvaguardar direitos inerentes ao bem intangível. Geralmente, essas transações são firmadas através de contratos, que externa um acordo de vontade celebrada entre partes. Em uma Instituição multicampi não é diferente, todo processo de transferência de tecnologia é centralizada e acompanhada por um departamento especifico, de inovação e transferência tecnológica

Combining Phylogenetic and Network Approaches to Identify HIV-1 Transmission Links in San Mateo County, California

The HIV epidemic in San Mateo County is sustained by multiple overlapping risk groups and is an important hub for HIV transmission in northern California. Limited access to care has led historically to delayed clinical presentation, higher rates of opportunistic infections, and an increased prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance. The virologic and clinical consequences of treatment within these multiple ethnic and behavioral groups are poorly understood, highlighting the need for efficient surveillance strategies that are able to elucidate transmission networks and drug resistance patterns. We obtained sequence data from a group of 316 HIV-positive individuals in the San Mateo AIDS Program over a 14-year period and integrated epidemiologic, phylogenetic, and network approaches to characterize transmission clusters, risk factors and drug resistance. Drug resistance mutations were identified using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database. A maximum likelihood tree was inferred in RAxML and subjected to clustering analysis in Cluster Picker. Network analysis using pairwise genetic distances was performed in HIV-TRACE. Participants were primarily male (60%), white Hispanics and non-Hispanics (32%) and African American (20.6%). The most frequent behavior risk factor was male-male sex (33.5%), followed by heterosexual (23.4%) and injection drug use (9.5%). Nearly all sequences were subtype B (96%) with subtypes A, C, and CRF01_AE also observed. Sequences from 65% of participants had at least one drug resistance mutation. Clustered transmissions included a higher number of women when compared to non-clustered individuals and were more likely to include heterosexual or people who inject drugs (PWID). Detailed analysis of the largest network (N = 47) suggested that PWID played a central role in overall transmission of HIV-1 as well as bridging men who have sex with men (MSM) transmission with heterosexual/PWID among primarily African American men. Combined phylogenetic and network analysis of HIV sequence data identified several overlapping risk factors in the epidemic, including MSM, heterosexual and PWID transmission with a disproportionate impact on African Americans and a high prevalence of drug resistance

Análise de variáveis fisiológicas de pinhão mansão cultivado sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação.

Titulo: Análise de variáveis fisiológicas de pinhão mansão [i.e. pinhão manso] cultivado sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação

ALTERAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS DE LEUCÓCITOS E TROMBÓCITOS SANGUÍNEOS EM Piaractus mesopotamicus DURANTE A SEPSE

Sepsis is defined as organ dysfunction with high mortality. During this process, the hematological system plays a critical role. Thus, the work aimed to analyze the morphological changes in the leukogram and thrombogram by the indirect method in the course of sepsis in Piaractus mesopotamicus. For this, 98 pacus were used, divided into two groups, one received 0.5 ml of sterile 0.65% sodium chloride solution (control) and the other received the same volume containing the bacterial inoculum (1.8 x 108 CFU/ml – challenge). To assess such changes in the evolution of sepsis, blood samples were collected from fish 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours after inoculation and in the control group (n = 10). One aliquot of the blood was used for blood culture and another for determining the number of leukocytes and thrombotics by the indirect method and the evaluation of morphological changes in blood extensions. Aeromonosis was confirmed by positive blood culture in all samples from the challenged groups. The leukogram analysis showed a significant increase (p <0.05) of leukocytes in the later times, 9 and 6 HPI in relation to the control group. Differential analysis showed leukopenia (p <0.05; 3 HPI) and consumption of thrombocytes. It was found that with the increase of the infection the septicemic pacus develops a picture of granulocytosis and monocytosis (p <0.05). It was concluded that inoculation with A. hydrophila induced sepsis with positive blood culture with leukocytosis in the challenged pacus and caused an intense change in the leukocyte and thrombotic morphology.KEYWORDS: Hemoculture, Leukogram, Morphology, Aeromonas hydrophila, Teleosts.La sepsis se define como disfunción orgánica con alta mortalidad. Durante este proceso, el sistema hematológico juega un papel crítico. Por lo tanto, el trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los cambios morfológicos en el leucograma y el trombograma por el método indirecto en el curso de la sepsis en Piaractus mesopotamicus. Para esto, se utilizaron 98 pacus, divididos en dos grupos, uno recibió 0,5 ml de solución estéril de cloruro de sodio al 0,65% (control) y el otro recibió el mismo volumen que contenía el inóculo bacteriano (1,8 x 108 UFC / ml - desafío). Para evaluar dichos cambios en la evolución de la sepsis, se recogieron muestras de sangre de peces 1, 3, 6 y 9 horas después de la inoculación y en el grupo de control (n = 10). Una parte alícuota de la sangre se usó para el hemocultivo y otra para determinar el número de leucocitos y trombóticos mediante el método indirecto y la evaluación de los cambios morfológicos en las extensiones de sangre. La aeromonosis se confirmó por hemocultivo positivo en todas las muestras de los grupos desafiados. El análisis de leucogramas mostró un aumento significativo (p <0.05) de leucocitos en los últimos tiempos, 9 y 6 HPI en relación con el grupo de control. El análisis diferencial mostró leucopenia (p <0.05; 3 HPI) y consumo de trombocitos. Se encontró que con el aumento de la infección, el pacus septicémico desarrolla una imagen de granulocitosis y monocitosis (p <0.05). Se concluyó que la inoculación con A. hydrophila indujo sepsis con hemocultivo positivo con leucocitosis en pacus desafiado y causa un cambio intenso en los leucocitos y la morfología trombóticaPALABRAS CLAVES Hemocultivo, Leucograma, Morfología, Aeromonas hydrophila, Teleósteos.A sepse é definida como disfunção orgânica com alta mortalidade. Durante esse processo o sistema hematológico desempenha um papel crítico. Assim, o trabalho objetivou analisar as alterações morfológicas no leucograma e no trombograma pelo método indireto no curso da sepse em Piaractus mesopotamicus. Para tanto, foram utilizados 98 pacus, divididos em dois grupos, um deles recebeu 0,5 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio esterilizada a 0,65% (controle) e outro recebeu o mesmo volume contendo o inoculo bacteriano (18 x 108 CFU/ml – desafio). Para avaliar tais alterações na evolução da sepse foram realizadas coletas de sangue dos peixes 1, 3, 6 e 9 horas após inoculação e no grupo controle (n=10). Uma alíquota do sangue foi destina a hemocultura e outra na determinação do número de leucócitos e de trombóticos pelo método indireto e a avaliação das alterações morfológicas nas extensões sanguíneas. A aeromonose foi confirmada pela hemocultura positiva em todas as amostras dos grupos desafiados. A análise do leucograma demonstrou aumento significativa (p<0,05) dos leucócitos nos tempos mais tardios, 9 e 6 HPI em relação ao grupo controle. Da análise diferencial observou-se leucopenia (p<0,05; 3 HPI) e consumo dos trombócitos. Verificou-se que com o aumento da infecção os pacus septicêmicos desenvolvem um quadro de granulocitose e monocitose (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a inoculação com A. hydrophila induziu a sepse com hemocultura positiva com leucocitose nos pacus desafiados e causa intensa alteração na morfologia dos leucócitos e trombóticos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hemocultura, Leucograma, Morfologia, Aeromonas hydrophila, Teleósteos

Report of the Topical Group on Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Complementarity of Probes and New Facilities for Snowmass 2021

The mechanism(s) driving the early- and late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe represent one of the most compelling mysteries in fundamental physics today. The path to understanding the causes of early- and late-time acceleration depends on fully leveraging ongoing surveys, developing and demonstrating new technologies, and constructing and operating new instruments. This report presents a multi-faceted vision for the cosmic survey program in the 2030s and beyond that derives from these considerations. Cosmic surveys address a wide range of fundamental physics questions, and are thus a unique and powerful component of the HEP experimental portfolio.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021); Topical Group Report for CF06 (Cosmic Frontier Topical Group on Dark Energy and Cosmic Acceleration: Complementarity of Probes and New Facilitie

Neoplastic Transformation of T Lymphocytes through Transgenic Expression of a Virus Host Modification Protein

Virus host evasion genes are ready-made tools for gene manipulation and therapy. In this work we have assessed the impact in vivo of the evasion gene A238L of the African Swine Fever Virus, a gene which inhibits transcription mediated by both NF-κB and NFAT. The A238L gene has been selectively expressed in mouse T lymphocytes using tissue specific promoter, enhancer and locus control region sequences for CD2. The resulting two independently derived transgenic mice expressed the transgene and developed a metastasic, angiogenic and transplantable CD4+CD8+CD69– lymphoma. The CD4+CD8+CD69– cells also grew vigorously in vitro. The absence of CD69 from the tumour cells suggests that they were derived from T cells at a stage prior to positive selection. In contrast, transgenic mice similarly expressing a mutant A238L, solely inhibiting transcription mediated by NF-κB, were indistinguishable from wild type mice. Expression of Rag1, Rag2, TCRβ-V8.2, CD25, FoxP3, Bcl3, Bcl2 l14, Myc, IL-2, NFAT1 and Itk, by purified CD4+CD8+CD69– thymocytes from A238L transgenic mice was consistent with the phenotype. Similarly evaluated expression profiles of CD4+CD8+ CD69– thymocytes from the mutant A238L transgenic mice were comparable to those of wild type mice. These features, together with the demonstration of (mono-)oligoclonality, suggest a transgene-NFAT-dependent transformation yielding a lymphoma with a phenotype reminiscent of some acute lymphoblastic lymphomas