A abordagem da teoria dos conjuntos em dois livros didáticos utilizados no ensino secundário na Bahia durante a década de 1970: uma análise histórica das teorias modernas da matemática

A pesquisa teve como objetivo, analisar as similitudes e diferenças da abordagem da teoria dos conjuntos em dois livros didáticos utilizados no ensino secundário na Bahia durante a década de 1970. Este trabalho científico está inserido no projeto de pesquisa intitulado “As teorias modernas da matemática nos livros didáticos das instituições educacionais superiores e secundárias brasileiras e baianas”, que visa “[...] investigar anatomicamente, numa perspectiva histórica, as teorias modernas da matemática nos livros didáticos apropriados, produzidos e difundidos no âmbito do ensino superior e secundário brasileiro, em especial na Universidade de São Paulo (USP) e na Bahia, no período de 1934 até aproximadamente 1976 [...]” (LIMA, et. al, 2013).A modernização da matemática foi consolidada no século XX, mas seu processo de mudanças e transformações se deu no século anterior, resultando em novas álgebras, novas axiomáticas e a teoria dos conjuntos. (LIMA et. al, 2010). Essa modernização foi apropriada no âmbito das escolas secundárias em dois momentos diferentes, porém para desenvolvimento desta pesquisa foquei particularmente na segunda reformulação, que ocorreu pós-segunda guerra mundial. Tal reformulação, ocorrida em países europeus e americanos em especial nos Estados Unidos, ficou conhecida posteriormente como Movimento da Matemática Moderna (MMM). Este movimento tinha como finalidade tornar o ensino secundário de matemática mais próximo do seu ensino a nível superior. O Grupo Bourbaki foi um dos influenciadores para esta reformulação, na medida em que apresentaram sua axiomática estruturalista argumentado a partir dos conceitos de raciocínio dedutivo, formalismo lógico e método axiomático. Para o Grupo Bourbaki, conforme Lima (2012), o raciocínio dedutivo, seria uma espécie de “linguagem” utilizada pelos matemáticos para a comunicação e formalismo lógico seria as “regras desta linguagem”, numa perspectiva pouco relevante do método axiomático. Assim, para o Grupo o método axiomático serviria para entender os motivos das descobertas dessas teorias e tornar suas ideias mais esclarecidas. No Brasil, o MMM foi apropriado, principalmente pelos grupos de estudos em diferentes estados brasileiros, dentre eles, destaco o Grupo de Estudo da Matemática (GEEM) em São Paulo, tendo como presidente o professor Osvaldo Sangiogi e o grupo de professores da Bahia, vinculado à Seção Científica de Matemática do Centro de Ensino de Ciências da Bahia (CECIBA) liderado por Martha Maria de Souza Dantas e Omar Catunda, ambos professores da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Estes grupos realizavam palestras, cursos de atualização e produziam livros, para apresentar as ideias do MMM, visando uma apropriação dos professores que lecionavam no âmbito escolar.Um dos livros selecionados para a construção desta pesquisa foi o Ensino Atualizado de Matemática, da quinta série do primeiro grau, produzido após o encerramento do CECIBA, orientado por Omar Catunda (1906-1986), sob autoria de Martha Maria de Souza Dantas (1925-2011), Eliana Costa Nogueira, Norma Coelho de Araújo, Eunice da Conceição Guimarães, Neide Clotilde de Pinho e Souza e Maria Augusto de Araújo Moreno, todos membros do grupo. Ele corresponde a 3ª edição, sendo publicado pela São Paulo Livraria Editora Limitada (EDART), no ano de 1974. O outro livro foi Matemática 5, 3ª edição, destinado a primeira série do antigo curso ginasial , com autoria de Osvaldo Sangiorgi (1921-2017), publicado em 1973, pela Companhia Editora Nacional. Dessa forma, ambos os livros didáticos, utilizados no ensino baiano, foram produzidos por professores com participações ativas em grupos de estudos que tiveram papel relevante no período de uma modernização da matemática secundária no contexto brasileiro.Entendeu-se aqui como livro didático “(...) um instrumento de comunicação, de produção e transmissão de conhecimento (...)” (BITTENCOURT, 2004, p.1), assumindo funções variadas no contexto escolar a depender do local onde é utilizado e do período em que foi produzido. A pesquisa histórica sobre livros e edições didáticas aborda diversos aspectos, com isso Choppin (2004) lista duas categorias de pesquisa, a que os historiadores utilizam os livros didáticos, sem que sejam excludentes entre si: a primeira, como documento histórico, analisando os seus conteúdos, nesse caso a história que os pesquisadores apresentam é de um tema, de uma disciplina ou de que modo o livro era utilizado em sala de aula; a segunda, como objeto físico, onde o historiador foca “[...] sua atenção diretamente para os livros didáticos, recolocando-os no ambiente em que foram concebidos, produzidos, utilizados e „recebidos‟, independentemente, arriscaríamos a dizer, dos conteúdos dos quais eles são portadores.” (CHOPPIN, 2004, p. 554). Foi, portanto, sob essa ótica que analisei os dois livros didáticos utilizados no ensino secundário na Bahia durante a década de 1970

Ensino atualizado da matemática: Orientações metodológicas para o ensino da teoria dos conjuntos presentes no Guia do Professor

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, numa perspectiva histórica, as orientações metodológicas para o ensino da teoria dos conjuntos presentes no Guia do Professor, vinculado ao livro didático intitulado “Ensino atualizado da matemática”, publicado em 1974 por um grupo de professores da Bahia liderado por Omar Catunda e Martha Dantas. De certa forma, foi uma continuação do trabalho de iniciação científica que realizei em 2017

Ensino atualizado da matemática e o guia do professor: abordagem teórica e metodológica da teoria dos conjuntos

Disponível em: http://acervo.ghemat.com.br/index.php/ACERVO-GHEMAT/article/view/22Neste artigo analisamos, em uma perspectiva histórica, a abordagem da teoria dos conjuntos no livro didático Ensino atualizado da Matemática da 5ª série e as orientações metodológicas apresentadas no Guia do Professor. A coleção Ensino atualizado da Matemática, bem como o seu Guia, foram produzidos por professores membros de grupo de estudos da Bahia, liderado por Martha Dantas e Omar Catunda. A partir da análise, fazendo uso de um referencial teórico-metodológico de uma história cultural (CHARTIER, 1988;1994) e de uma história da educação, em especial, sobre livros didáticos (BITTENCOURT, 2004; CHOPPIN, 2004) e sobre saberes profissionais (HOFSTETTER; SCHNEUWLY, 2017; VALENTE, 2018), consideramos que os autores visavam a interação dos alunos durante a apresentação dos conteúdos em sala de aula. Nesse sentido, os autores da coleção, ao expor o estudo da teoria dos conjuntos, partiam de exemplos do cotidiano sempre buscando chegar ao formalismo matemático, enfim, a uma generalização matemática. Em específico, essa formalização seguia uma apropriação dos preceitos estruturalistas defendidos pelo Grupo Bourbaki

A PRESENÇA DA MULHER NEGRA E O EMPODERAMENTO FEMININO NO CURRICULO: Um estudo no Instituto Federal de Rondônia (IFRO)

RESUMO: O artigo tem por finalidade analisar como se move o currículo diante da questão da mulher negra em um Campus do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia (IFRO), na cidade de Colorado do Oeste, na percepção de professoras e uma supervisora pedagógica.   Em 2003, a Lei nº 10.639 alterou a LDB - Lei de Diretrizes e Base da Educação (Lei nº 9.394/96) para incluir no currículo oficial da rede de ensino a obrigatoriedade do estudo da história e cultura afro-brasileira. No ano de 2008, a Lei nº 11.645 alterou novamente a LBD para incluir no currículo a obrigatoriedade do estudo da história e cultura dos povos indígenas. Assim, a legislação passou a exigir a inclusão, no currículo oficial da rede de ensino, com a obrigatoriedade do estudo da história e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena. O objetivo e trazer reflexões pertinentes ao campo do currículo em atendimento a questão da mulher negra, diante da legislação em vigor, a partir das concepções de seus professores e de suas práticas pedagógicas. Para este propósito desenhou-se uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva, desenvolvida em 2018, cujos instrumentos foram a entrevista com docentes, e um auto depoimento de uma técnica em assuntos educacionais, todas elas mulheres negras. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os procedimentos da análise de conteúdo (Bardin,1977). Os dados revelam dificuldades para que o ensino seja inclusivo e que saiba tratar adequadamente a temática, quer seja pela formação do professor que não a contempla com adequação e aprofundamento exigido, quer pela falta de materiais didáticos nas escolas, ou pela pouca importância dada no currículo ao tema.   Palavras-chave: Currículo. Mulher negra. Empoderamento feminino.   ABSTRACT : The article aims to analyze how the curriculum moves in the face of the issue of black women in a Campus of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), in the city of Colorado do Oeste, in the perception of teachers and a pedagogical supervisor . In 2003, Law No. 10,639 amended the LDB - Law of Directives and Bases of Education (Law No. 9.394 / 96) to include in the official curriculum of the education system the obligation to study Afro-Brazilian history and culture. In 2008, Law No. 11,645 again amended the LBD to include in the curriculum the obligation to study the history and culture of indigenous peoples. Thus, the legislation now requires the inclusion, in the official curriculum of the educational network, of the obligation to study Afro-Brazilian and indigenous history and culture. The objective is to bring pertinent reflections to the field of curriculum in order to attend to the issue of black women, in face of the legislation in force, based on the conceptions of their teachers and their pedagogical practices. For this purpose, a research with a qualitative approach of the descriptive type, developed in 2018, whose instruments were the interview with teachers, and a self-report of a technique in educational subjects, all of them black women. Content analysis procedures (Bardin, 1977). The data reveal difficulties for the education to be inclusive and that is able to treat the subject adequately, either by the teacher training that does not contemplate it with the necessary adaptation and deepening, or by the lack of didactic materials in the schools, or by the little importance given in the curriculum to the theme.   Keywords: Curriculum. Black woman. Female empowerment

Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

OBJECTIVES: To report the baseline results of a longitudinal psychosocial study that forms part of the IMPACT study, a multi-national investigation of targeted prostate cancer (PCa) screening among men with a known pathogenic germline mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. PARTICPANTS AND METHODS: Men enrolled in the IMPACT study were invited to complete a questionnaire at collaborating sites prior to each annual screening visit. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and the following measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale (IES), 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer, Cancer Worry Scale-Revised, risk perception and knowledge. The results of the baseline questionnaire are presented. RESULTS: A total of 432 men completed questionnaires: 98 and 160 had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, respectively, and 174 were controls (familial mutation negative). Participants' perception of PCa risk was influenced by genetic status. Knowledge levels were high and unrelated to genetic status. Mean scores for the HADS and SF-36 were within reported general population norms and mean IES scores were within normal range. IES mean intrusion and avoidance scores were significantly higher in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers than in controls and were higher in men with increased PCa risk perception. At the multivariate level, risk perception contributed more significantly to variance in IES scores than genetic status. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the psychosocial profile of men with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations undergoing PCa screening. No clinically concerning levels of general or cancer-specific distress or poor quality of life were detected in the cohort as a whole. A small subset of participants reported higher levels of distress, suggesting the need for healthcare professionals offering PCa screening to identify these risk factors and offer additional information and support to men seeking PCa screening

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings